Kombucha is a low alcoholic beverage with high content of bioactive compounds derived from plant material (tea, juices, herb extracts) and metabolic activity of microorganisms (acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts). Currently, it attracts an increasing number of consumers due to its health-promoting properties. This review focuses on aspects significantly affecting the bioactive compound content and biological activities of Kombucha tea. The literature review shows that the drink is characterized by a high content of bioactive compounds, strong antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Factors that substantially affect these activities are the tea type and its brewing parameters, the composition of the SCOBY, as well as the fermentation parameters. On the other hand, Kombucha fermentation is characterized by many unknowns, which result, inter alia, from different methods of tea extraction, diverse, often undefined compositions of microorganisms used in the fermentation, as well as the lack of clearly defined effects of microorganisms on bioactive compounds contained in tea, and therefore the health-promoting properties of the final product. The article indicates the shortcomings in the current research in the field of Kombucha, as well as future perspectives on improving the health-promoting activities of this fermented drink.

Already a relatively low level of hs-CRP around 2.0 mg/dl is observed in the MS, whereas patients with simple obesity without the accompanying features of MS would have hs-CRP lower than this value.

W artykule omówiono wpływ orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej na polskie orzecznictwo sądowe. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie niezaprzeczalnego charakteru wpływu w polskiej doktrynie i judykaturze prawa Unii Europejskiej. W niniejszym opracowaniu zostaną omówione orzeczenia sądowe, których przedmiotem była kwestia ustalenia pierwszeństwa prawa krajowego przed prawem wspólnotowym, co pozwoli udowodnić bezapelacyjne działanie TSUE oraz jego konsekwencje. Opracowanie wsparte jest o wyniki ankiety przeprowadzonej na grupie 100 osób poświęconej praktyce orzeczniczej w zakresie umów kredytów indeksowanych i denominowanych do CHF. Jej celem było uzyskanie informacji o konsekwencjach zawarcia umów kredytów indeksowanych i denominowanych do Franka Szwajcarskiego.

The main aim of this paper is to provide a characterization of the response space for questions using a taxonomy grounded in a dialogical formal semantics. As a starting point we take the typology for responses in the form of questions provided in \cite{lupginz-jlm}. This work develops a wide coverage taxonomy for question/question sequences observable in corpora including the BNC, CHILDES, and BEE, as well as formal modeling of all the postulated classes. Our aim is to extend this work to cover \emph{all} responses to questions. We present the extended typology of responses to questions based on a corpus studies of BNC, BEE, Maptask and CornellMovie with include 506, 262, 467, and 678 question/response pairs respectively. We compare the data for English with data from Polish using the Spokes corpus (694 question/response pairs). We discuss annotation reliability and disagreement analysis. We sketch how each class can be formalized using a dialogical semantics appropriate for dialogue management.