SummaryIn this paper, we investigate global and local stability of columns with an open and a closed thin-walled cross section. The proposed model of global stability is made of two deformable elements connected with an elastic joint. Stiffness of the elastic joint represents local discontinuity of the cross section of the column caused by the loss of stability of individual plates. The model of local stability of the columns is conceptualized on the principle of continuity of individual plates of the cross section. The coefficients of local buckling are defined as geometric parameters of the column with a rectangular hollow section (RHS) and a U-shaped cross section. The dominant parameters that influence the interactive behaviour of local and global buckling are the slenderness of plates and the column as a whole. The basic function of the developed models is to identify the stability mechanism in terms of better estimation of the critical force and higher load capacity.

Main city stations of public transport represent focus points in a settlement and they are the travelling starting points of tourists and visitors. There are knots of different traffic aspects on those locations. The first impression of a place, especially when it comes to urban structures, is formed exactly in these places of gathering of a large number of people who use the collective intercity, and then the city public transport. The quality of the immediate surroundings affects the first impression of the city and thus contributes to the character of the settlement's image. Surroundings are shaped by many factors of the built and natural environment, such as urban elements and details, architecture, transport and information infrastructure, natural elements and many others. Thoughtful orchestration of all elements increases the accessibility and functionality of space, at the same time creating a harmonious and ambient environment that, for many people, represents the first contact with the city. With its position and hierarchy, in the sense of economy and politics, Novi Sad caused people of different ages and demands to gravitate towards it, where a large number of periodical migrations mostly went through bus and railroad traffic. This very fact requires the necessity of planned design and shaping of the area around these important infrastructure facilities, as well as a thoughtful construction of connections with the rest of the city, especially when it comes to traffic crossroads and junctions of different types of transport. In this paper, urban parameters of traffic, purpose of areas, spaces for socialization, content and ambience of the traffic objects surroundings are analyzed and valorised. The conclusion is that they are well planned, but not functionally organized enough and that they represent potential places for development.

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From the very beginning of urban settlements, cities have had a very clear expression, because urban elements bear with them the symbolism and messages tied to relevant points in history, changes in function, characters etc. These messages, carried through a range of urban elements, have been changing in respect to lifestyles, which, ever since the rise of capitalism, predominantly meant with respect to economic conditions. Such a free-market impact has become particularly evident in the light of contemporary totalitarian capitalism that has equated urban space with commercial and exhibition space, thus moulding it into an urban market. This paper is intended as a critical review dealing with the analysis of urban spaces in respect to urban image creation, all in relation to relevant socioeconomic influences and conditionalities. It also considers new symbolic meanings to the existing urban form, which affect urban life and its inhabitants.