Numerous cases of aberrant root and root canal morphology have been described, still diversion occurs more frequently in premolars and molars. To the dental researcher, the aberrations in the mandibular second premolars afford a vast field of interest. The current report presents a clinical case which demonstrates a simplified therapeutic protocol for re-treatment of Vertucci type V root canals. Endodontic access is gained by expanding the endodontic cavity. The instrumentation (preflaring and final preparation) of the root canal system is performed using predominantly hand files in order to preserve to the maximum the tactile feedback in the apical part of the ramification. Obturation is performed through hydraulic condensation. Postoperative radiographs show sufficient three-dimensional sealing of all portals of exit with excellent healing result.

Purpose:The preparation of hard dental tissues for veneers is a very technically demanding process, where minimal invasive manner matters. The optical magnification offers higher resolution; brighter and enlarged threedimensional images which improve the precision and the working posture. The study is evaluating the impact of optical magnification on the precision of tooth preparation under simulated clinical conditions in à digital manner.Materials and Methods: For the test specimens, 60 plastic upper incisors are divided into 3 groups (n= 20): 1st group -teeth prepared with a naked human eye.; 2nd group -teeth prepared using compound loups x2,5 magnification; 3rd -teeth prepared using an operating microscope under x6.0 magnification. A laboratory scanning device is used to scan the teeth both before and after the preparation phase. Computer-aided design software is used to overlay the outlines of the teeth it all groups. A sagittal plane is constructed throughout the digital teeth images, and measurements of cut hard dental tissues are done in order to evaluate the accurateness of tooth preparation according to the depth of preparation.Results: There is a statistical difference between the pre-established volume of preparation and the actual cut of hard dentinal tissues no matter the magnification. There is a statistically significant difference between the depth of preparation in naked eye cases and the magnification cases.Conclusions: The quantity of cut tissues it more than the preestablished parameters which may affect the quality of the adhesive bond and it is controversy with the minimally invasive approach. The preparation under magnification is much more precise when compared to a naked eye.

Aesthetics is of paramount importance for the modern dental medicine. Today not only the white but also the pink aesthetic is a desirable outcome of the dental treatment, so the it is more appropriate to perceive teeth and gingival tissues as two parts of one and the same aesthetic complex. Therefore, this article describes a multidisciplinary management of patient with short clinical crowns and "gummy" smile. Due to altered passive eruption crown lengthening procedure with soft and hard tissue removal is performed with Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm) with the following settings: gingivectomy in soft tissue mode with tip 0.6 mm and energy settings-150 mJ/15 Hz; bone removal in hard tissue mode with tip 1.3 mm and energy settings-150 mJ/20 Hz . Following 1 month for healing period CAD/CAM veneers made from ultra-translucent multilayered zirconium veneers are placed to the patient. The case is followed-up for 1 year. The combination of aesthetic plastic periodontology, performed with laser, and use of CAD/CAM technology is efficient, predictable and highly precise multidisciplinary approach towards disharmonious smile. The combination of aesthetic laser-supported plastic periodontology and use of CAD/CAM technology is contemporary, efficient, predictable and highly precise multidisciplinary approach in retrieve for aesthetics.

Introduction: One method to evaluate the clinical success of cemented restorations is measuring the marginal adaptation. There is a correlation between the fitting of the restoration and problems caused by clinically undetectable passage of bacteria between the tooth structure and the veneer. Aim: To evaluate in comparison the marginal adaptation of veneers produced via CAD/CAM and press technique. Materials and methods: 32 extracted incisors are divided into two equal-number groups (n=16) according to the production technique – CAD/CAM zirconium veneers and press-ceramic veneers. Cut sections are examined under a SEM magnification. Marginal accuracy is measured as the distance between the finish line of the tooth and the margin of the veneer at eight fixed locations. Results: The mean values of marginal gap of group 1 are: external adaptation – 79.88±3.71 µm; internal adaptation – 79.14±15.70 µm; cervical adaptation – 82.39±28.55 µm; incisal adaptation – 86.85±21.72 µm. The mean values of marginal gap of group 2 are: external adaptation – 100.31±2.16 µm; for internal adaptation – 101.01±12.51 µm; cervical adaptation – 91.55±3.31 µm; incisal adaptation – 93.76±2.54 µm. Conclusions: Veneers produced via CAD/CAM technology have better fit at the external and internal marginal wall. There is no statistically significant difference between the gaps at the cervical and the incisal areas.

To achieve high levels of success in endodontic treatment requires in-depth knowledge of the anatomy and morphology of the root canal system. Premolars are a group of teeth which shows a wide spectrum of different variations, reaching the apical opening. The frequency of one root canal at the apical tip for the maxillary first premolars is 8.66%, while 89.64% of the examined teeth show two root canals at the apical tip. The frequency of two or more root canals in the mandibular first premolars varies between 2.7% to 62.5%, while the frequency of two or more root canals in the mandibular second premolars varies between 0% and 34.3%. Some of the clinical aspects in the treatment of such aberrated premolars include implementing detailed preoperative evaluation- X-Rays and CBCT, sufficient opening of the endodontic access and careful three-dimentional cleaning of the root canal system with combination of different endodontic instruments and hybrid techniques of work and following hermetic sealing of all portals of exits. A 3D printing after a CBCT scan is a method of choice when a clinician wants to master the anatomy of a premolar. Knowledge of the complex root canal system is essential for understanding the principles and problems of shaping and, cleaning, determining the apical boundaries and dimensions of the root canals.