The development of milk horse breeding in Russia contributes to the high genetic potential of heavy draft stud mares. The Republic of Mari El has been breeding heavy draft horses to produce koumiss since 1977. The efficiency of heavy draft horse breeding depends on the intensity of use of the breeding stock. At the same time the duration of economic use of animals is of great importance as the duration of the use of horses provides not only economic benefits but also the breeding progress of the herd. The studies on duration of economic use of Lithuanian heavy draft stud mares and their lifetime productivity were conducted on the Koumiss farm of ZAO PZ “Semenovsky” of the Medvedevsky region of the Mari El Republic. The studies have shown that the duration of economic use of Lithuanian heavy draft stud mares on the farm is 4, 195 days or 11.5 years on the average. The study of the lifetime productivity revealed that the Lithuanian heavy draft stud mares had a high lifetime milk yield. As a result of the research the significant positive correlation between the duration of use of the mares and their lifetime milk yield was found out. There is a small positive correlation between the duration of economic use and 1-day milk yield of the economic use and 1-day lactation. The analysis of duration of economic use of Lithuanian heavy draft stud mares depending on their father’s genotype has showed that the longest lactation in the herd was among the daughters of stallion Sunkumas 32 – 15 years. Thus, when conducting selection and breeding work, the farms have great possibilities to increase the period of economic use of horses on this farm and increase their lifetime productivity.

Animals of control groups received a diet with the maintenance of 3,5% of fat according to the detailed norms of feeding. Increase in level of fat in diets of analogs II and III groups up to 4, 5 and 5, 4% of its nonvolatile solid was carried out at the expense of the sunflower-seed oil entered into a diet by interfusing with concentrated compound feed. Zootechnical, hematological and biochemical researches were conducted with use of the practical standards. In this article the expediency of optimization of level of crude fat in diets of high-yield cows of golshtinsky breed is experimentally proved. It improves a condition of proteometabolism in their organism what the positive nitrogen balance, increase in extent of its deduction in a body and uses on formation of milk to testifies. Thus, strengthening of lipids in nonvolatile solid of diets of the high-yield lactating cows renders particular and, in general, positive influence on key indicators of nitrogenous metabolism in their organism.

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Blood inflow of Holstein breed in Mari El cattle breeding, which began in 80s of the last century, had a positive impact on the dairy productivity of Black-and-White cattle. The research explores the impact of Holstein breed bloodline and lineage on the main indicators of cows’ dairy productivity in OAO Ovoshchevod. The productive age increasing, the live weight of cows in the main herd increased as well while the animals were relatively small. The cows of the eighth and ninth calves had the maximum live weight. On average, the cows with the third complete lactation (6791.5 kg) had the highest milk yield. The mass fraction of fat was on average higher than the basic fraction and was equal to 3.71%. The increase of milk fat concentration was observed in cows of the fifth and sixth lactations, with the offsprings of Black-and-White bull lines being the most fatty. There is a direct correlation between milk yield and the degree of blood flow in the Holstein breed. The fattiest milk cows were those with a blood content of 19%, while the cattle with a blood content of 75% had the lowest fat concentration in milk. According to the hospitalization data, most of the cows in the herd (including the first heifer cows) belong to the R. Sawring line. The female offsprings of Adam, Rikus and M. Chiftein bulls differed in the most productive longevity. The most abundant were cows belonging to M. Chiftein line. Female offsprings of Black-and-White bulls were inferior to the Holstein ones in average by 324 kg of milk. This feature was traced from first to fifth lactation. In the lactation section, the most fatty-milk cows of the Rikus and M. Chiftein lines were the fattest. As the share of blood in the Holstein breed increased, the milk yield per cow in the main herd increased as well. Thus, for cows with blood content of 18.75%, the average milk yield for all lactations was 6313 kg of milk. Further blood inflow of Holstein bulls led to this parameter increasing by 4% on average for cows with blood content of 25 and 37.5% for Holstein breed.