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HighlightsDifferent ecosystem service definitions and interpretations create too much ambiguity.The cascade model is used as framework, and Systems Ecology as theoretical basis.The notions of biomass information and interaction enrich a refreshed conceptualization.The cascade framework shifts from a ‘two dimensional’ to a ‘telescopic’ perspective.This perspective can emphasize the ecological dimension and its complex reality.

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Graphical abstract

HighlightsAn ecological extension of the current SEEA EEA is proposed.Broad typologies setting how ecosystem deliver services are identified.Concepts of ES potential, ES potential flows, ES demand, ES actual flows are defined.Capacity accounts are built based on measurement of ES overuse.Examples of water purification, outdoor recreation and crop pollination are shown in EU.