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This paper deals with power system restoration and discusses the connection of pumped storage loads to restoration paths. This new strategy allows avoiding any disturbance to customers during field tests of restoration paths and improves as well the reliability of restoration plans. The first application of the new strategy concerned the field test of a new path in central Italy. This paper reports the test and analyzes the main novel features of the considered path: complete separation from subtransmission and distribution networks and use of pumped storage loads during its energization. These aspects and their consequences are discussed with reference to both field testing of restoration paths and effectiveness of system restoration.

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The Italian blackout occurred on September 28 th , 2003 started a deep critical revision of defence and restoration plans developed for the Italian national grid, and originated several tasks with the aim to improve the effectiveness of these plans. This paper deals with system restoration, and discusses some of the aspects concerning improvements of the Italian restoration plan. Touches of the topics in this paper are based on at development of innovative restoration paths, loaded through pumping storage plants instead of the usual distribution system loads. Details on the field test of the first new path are also reported.

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