Purpose: About 50 % of indications for dialysis in acute renal failure are related to problems originated during the perioperative period. Intraoperative hemodynamic changes lead to renal vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion. Previous studies have not defined the dexmedetomidine renal role in hemorrhage situations. This study evaluated the effect of dexmedetomidine on renal function and histology after acute hemorrhage in rats. Methods: Covered study with 20 Wistars rats, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, 50 mg. kg -1 , intraperitoneal, randomized into 2 groups submitted to 30% volemia bleeding: DG -iv dexmedetomidine, 3 µg. kg -1 (10 min) and continuous infusion -3 µg. kg -1 . h -1; CGpentobarbital. For renal clearance estimative, sodium p-aminohippurate and iothalamate were administered. Studied attributes: heart rate, mean arterial pressure, rectal temperature, hematocrit, iothalamate and p-aminohippurate clearance, filtration fraction, renal blood flow, renal vascular resistance, and histological evaluations of the kidneys. Results: DG showed smaller values of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and renal vascular resistance, but iothalamate clearance and filtration fraction values were higher. There was similarity in p-aminohippurate clearance and renal blood flow. Both groups had histological changes ischemia-like, but dexmedetomidine determined higher tubular dilatation scores. Conclusion: In rats, after acute hemorrhage, dexmedetomidine determined better renal function, but higher tubular dilation scores. Key words: Kidney. Hypotension. Dexmedetomidine. Pentobarbital. RESUMO Objetivo: Cerca de 50% de indicações de diálise em insuficiência renal aguda vêm de problemas do perioperatório. Alterações na hemodinâmica intra-operatória levam a vasoconstrição renal e hipoperfusão. Estudos prévios não definiram o papel renal da dexmedetomidina em hemorragia. Foram estudados os efeitos da dexmedetomidina na função e histologia renais, em ratos, após hemorragia aguda. Métodos: Estudo encoberto com 20 ratos Wistar, anestesiados com pentobarbital sódico intraperitoneal, 50 mg. kg -1 , divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos sob sangramento de 30% da volemia: GDdexmedetomidina iv, 3 µg. kg -1 (10 min), e infusão contínua, 3 µg. kg ; GC -pentobarbital. Para estimar depuração renal, administraram-se para-aminohipurato e iotalamato de sódio. Atributos estudados: freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial média, temperatura retal, hematócrito, depuração de para-aminohipurato e iotalamato, fração de filtração, fluxo sangüíneo renal, resistência vascular renal, análise histológica dos rins. Resultados: Em GD, houve valores menores de freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial média e resistência vascular, mas valores maiores de depuração de iotalamato e fração de filtração. A depuração de para-aminohipurato e o fluxo sangüíneo foram similares nos grupos. As alterações histológicas foram compatíveis com isquemia e houve maior dilatação tubular em GD. Conclusão: Em ratos, após hemorragia aguda, a dexmedetomidina determinou mel...
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