Abstract-The technological evolution which occurred in digital systems favored the appearance of new services to be applied in railways. Radio communications played an important role in the management, exploration, and maintenance of railway transports. Due to the vital importance of security, the track-to-train communications system is studied in depth, with significant changes through the integration in its operation of the global system for mobile communication and global positioning systems. This paper presents an integrated system that simultaneously includes a radio communication system and a location solution. The proposed network will work as a redundant and also as a unique system for secondary lines where no other system is available. Moreover, the paper also presents a low-budget system to track the trains inside tunnels.Index Terms-Global positioning system, road vehicle location monitoring.
Resumo. Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo de alto-falantes nos quais os núcleos, usualmente construídos a partir de ferro fundido ou aço laminado, são substituídos por peças de ligas obtidas a partir dos processos da Metalurgia do Pó. O estudo compreende a obtenção de curvas de histerese de Fe puro e de diversas ligas sinterizadas, tais como, FeP, FeSi e FeNi e posterior simulação através de elementos finitos, considerando uma topologia convencional de um alto-falante comercial. As simulações compreendem a avaliação de fluxo no entreferro e um estudo teórico sobre as potências desenvolvidas comparativamente a alto-falantes com núcleos convencionais. Palavras-chave: metalurgia do pó, simulação por elementos finitos, alto-falantes. Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados.
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