One of the major challenges faced by a forensic medical expert when performing the examination of bone remains for the purposes of personal identification is the determination of group characteristics, which include the person’s body type. The present study focuses on a new method for determining the intravitam body type when considering skeletonised remains.Aim. To develop diagnostic mathematico-statistical models that allow the intravitam body type in men to be determined, drawing on the osteometric characteristics of skeletonised clavicles.Material and methods. We studied clavicles from the osteological collection held at the Department of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University (62 adult male skeletons) according to the expanded osteometric program (15 characteristics). The obtained data were processed by StatSoft STATISTICA 10 using multivariate stepwise discriminant analysis (MDA).Results. We have developed diagnostic models allowing the intravitam body type (ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph) to be determined on the basis of skeletonised clavicles with an accuracy of 62.9–79 %. Using the proposed models, a more accurate determination of ectomorphs and mesomorphs (90 %) than endomorphs (41–58.8 %) is observed. In order to increase the objectiveness of the expert’s conclusion, we used function Pl showing the probability of correct body type classification in every single case. The diagnostic models were successfully verified using the skeletal samples held at the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, with the maximum accuracy level reaching 80 %.

This article is devoted to the stress strain research of a biomechanical system formed by the tibia, fibula and muscles under external stress (axial compression). In this study an anatomically accurate geometric model of human bones was developed based on CT analysis data, which was the basis of the calculated finite element model. A numerical evaluation of the stress strain state was carried out using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The developed model of the tibia and fibula was validated based on the results of axial compression field tests. The analysis of mesh independence of finite element models of the tibia and fibula has been carried out.

Positive identification of unknown corpses and bone remains often pose significant challenges for practitioners and requires the use of forensic anthropological methods. The purpose of this study was to develop new methods for reconstructing the antemortem biacromial breadth of the shoulders (BAB) using osteometric measurements of the human clavicle. For this purpose, bone samples from two anatomical collections were used: collection of the Department of Anthropology of Lomonosov Moscow State University and collection of the Russian Center for Forensic Medical Examination (Moscow, Russia). The study showed the possibility of correct reconstruction of BAB using regression equations with expanded (13) or reduced (3-5) sets of osteometric parameters. The methods described in the article can be applied both in forensic context and in anthropological studies.

One of the most complex problems in forensic medical expertise is the process of identification of unknown corpses and their parts, which very often include bone remains. Sometimes it is practically impossible to collect the data needed for police investigation because the most important parts of the skeleton such as skull, pelvic bones and long trabecular bones are absent. The aim of the study was to develop new methods for sex determination from the clavicle of an adult person based on the mathematical and statistical analysis of their osteometric properties. For this purpose bone samples from three skeletal collections were used: collection of the Department of Anthropology of Lomonosov Moscow State University; collection of the Department of Physical Anthropology of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (St. Petersburg), and the The Robert J. Terry Anatomical Skeletal Collection stored at the Department of Physical Anthropology of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History (Washington). The study demonstrated the possibility of correct sex determination from the clavicle using the five-interval diagnostic table suitable for quick sex assessment and multiple discriminant models with an accuracy of correct sex estimation between 85% and 97.5%. The methods described in the article can be applied not only in forensic context (especially when working with a limited set of isolated skeletal elements or their fragments), but also in the physical and medical anthropology for reconstructing an unidentified individual’s biological profile.