Stringer sheets are bifurcated parts that possess, compared to flat sheet metal parts, a higher stiffness due to their higher geometrical moment of inertia. Currently, the common way of forming spatially curved stringer sheets is hydroforming. This article shows the feasibility of forming stringer sheets by using solid tools with short process times, which is more relevant for the industrial application. A die-bending process with a slot in the punch for the stringer is investigated. Since buckling of the stringer is one of the occurring failure modes, depending on the stringer height, an analytical estimation of the critical stringer height is carried out while considering the bending angle, bending radius and sheet thickness. The subsequent numerical and experimental investigations show a good agreement with the analytical estimation. Finally, a stiffness test is carried out with stringer sheets of different stringer heights. The result of this test underlines the motivation of forming buckling-free stringer sheets with stringers as high as possible. The normalized stiffness increases with rising stringer height until buckling occurs. At this point the stiffness values begin to fall with growing stringer height.

Purpose Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder delineated by an acute change in cognition, attention, and consciousness. It is common, particularly in older adults, but poorly recognised. Frailty is the accumulation of deficits conferring an increased risk of adverse outcomes. We set out to determine how severity of frailty, as measured using the CFS, affected delirium rates, and recognition in hospitalised older people in the United Kingdom. Methods Adults over 65 years were included in an observational multi-centre audit across UK hospitals, two prospective rounds, and one retrospective note review. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), delirium status, and 30-day outcomes were recorded. Results The overall prevalence of delirium was 16.3% (483). Patients with delirium were more frail than patients without delirium (median CFS 6 vs 4). The risk of delirium was greater with increasing frailty [OR 2.9 (1.8–4.6) in CFS 4 vs 1–3; OR 12.4 (6.2–24.5) in CFS 8 vs 1–3]. Higher CFS was associated with reduced recognition of delirium (OR of 0.7 (0.3–1.9) in CFS 4 compared to 0.2 (0.1–0.7) in CFS 8). These risks were both independent of age and dementia. Conclusion We have demonstrated an incremental increase in risk of delirium with increasing frailty. This has important clinical implications, suggesting that frailty may provide a more nuanced measure of vulnerability to delirium and poor outcomes. However, the most frail patients are least likely to have their delirium diagnosed and there is a significant lack of research into the underlying pathophysiology of both of these common geriatric syndromes.

ResumenEn este artículo se presenta el resultado de la segunda fase del proyecto de investigación que tiene como objetivo detectar patrones delictivos con técnicas de minería de datos en el Observatorio del Delito del municipio de Pasto (Colombia). En esta fase se construyó un mercado de datos que almacenará los datos históricos, limpios y transformados sobre las lesiones de causa externa fatal y no fatales registradas en este Observatorio en un periodo de 10 años. Este mercado permitirá realizar análisis multidimensional y soportar la detección de patrones delictivos que facilite a los organismos gubernamentales y de seguridad de planes de prevención de delitos y seguridad ciudadana.

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