The rapid development of science and technology leads to social change in society with information. increasing public understanding, especially in the health sector, improving health services, including medical actions in the practice of the medical profession. Every action in the medical profession has a responsibility and activity has legal consequences. This study uses a normative legal method where the data taken comes from library references and other secondary information. The results of the study indicate that legal liability in medical actions is based on self-competence and the presence or absence of negligence in carrying out medical activities. The incompetence of doctors and their negligence in causing disputes to be resolved are regulated in Law Number 36 Year 2009 through mediation. It is recommended to conduct cross-sectoral evaluations between professional associations and the police, especially in the possibility of criminal violations. Keywords: law responsibility; medical treatment; medical law; criminal law Abstrak: Semakin pesatnya perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi menggiring perubahan sosial masyarakat dengan keterbukaan informasi. Peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat terutama dalam bidang kesehatan meningkatkan tuntutan akan pelayanan kesehatan termasuk tindakan medis dalam praktik profesi kedokteran. Setiap tindakan dalam aktivitas profesi kedokteran memiliki tanggung jawab dan memiliki konsekuensi di mata hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dimana data yang diambil berasal dari referensi kepustakaan serta informasi sekunder lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanggungjawaban hukum dokter dalam tindakan medis berdasarkan komptenesi diri dan ada tidaknya kelalaian dalam melakukan aktivitas profesi kedokteran. Tidak kompetennya dokter dan adanya kelalaian dalam bertugas menyebabkan sengketa yang yang penyelesaiannya telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 yakni melalui mediasi. Disarankan melakukan evaluasi lintas sektoral antara perhimpunan profesi dan Kepolisian terutama dalam sengketa yang berpotensi terjadi pelanggaran pidana. Kata kunci: pertanggungjawaban hukum; tindakan medis; undang-undang kesehatan
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