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Abstract. Tal S, Guller V, Gurevich A, Levi S

Risk factors that influence the recurrence of nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) were determined in an 18-month follow-up study in a subacute geriatric department. A case-control study was conducted, comparing 43 patients with recurrent C. difficile-associated diarrhea (RCDAD) (case patients) with 38 patients who had only 1 episode of CDAD (control patients). The mean age of patients was 81.6 +/- 7.2 y (range 64-95 y). All cases with CDAD were receiving antibiotic therapy. RCDAD occurred in 53.1% of patients. Risk factors for RCDAD included fecal incontinence (p < or = 0.04), longer duration of fever from admission until first episode of CDAD (p < or = 0.02) and H2-antagonist treatment (p < or = 0.02). This study shows that RCDAD is a common clinical event in elderly hospitalized patients and may be predictable in some groups of patients.

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The moduli space of deformations of a formal group over a finite field is studied. We consider Lubin-Tate and Dieudonné approaches and find an explicit relation between them employing Hazewinkel's universal p-typical formal group, Honda's theory and rigid power series. The formula obtained allows to give an explicit description of the action of the automorphism group of the formal group on the moduli space. It essentially generalizes an analogous result of Gross and Hopkins [Contemp. Math. 158 (1994) 23-88].  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.