Today, in information technologies, the direction associated with the use of Data Warehouse (DW) is evolving very dynamically. Using DW, it is possible to implement two types of data analysis: OLAP-analysis: a set of technologies for the rapid processing of data presented as a multidimensional cube; Data Mining is an intelligent, deep analysis of data to detect previously unknown, practically useful patterns (in our case, the construction area). It is noted, that of all the methods used in technology Data Mining, cluster analysis is especially useful for the construction area. At present, the role of DW has increased, significantly due to the fact, that many methods and approaches of Data Mining have formed the basis of a new, promising method of Big Data. We will specify that, that Data processing from the Data Warehouse with the help of technology Big Data, allows to deduce researches in a building area to the higher level. The purpose of this work is to research of the possibilities of application of the Data Warehouse in the construction area. The article suggests the new approach to data analysis in the construction area, based on the use of Big Data technology and elements of OLAP - analysis. In the section “Discussion” is considering the possibility of the new promising business in the construction field, based on the application of Data Warehouse and technology Big Data.
Today, information technologies (IT) are used in almost every production industry. While the aspects of IT are well studied and discussed in relevant monographs, articles, web sources, etc., this paper reviews the performance improvement options in the construction industry by leveraging IT. From a wide range of information technologies the author has picked the most relevant solutions, from his point of view, based on several considerations, the most important one being the lack of adequate attention to these technologies specifically in the construction industry. The paper covers the following technologies: Big Data (a smart technology for high-speed processing of huge and diverse data arrays); situation centers (SC) for construction and operations projects (SCs are successfully used in other industries for operating control of sophisticated facilities); data warehouses (DW) for the construction industry (DWs are viewed as a standalone project rather than a supplement to Data Mining or Big Data); operational and dispatch radio communication service (radio communication can ensure instant connectivity between several subscribers); VSAT (a satellite technology for prompt connection of a distant construction site with the 'outer world' when no alternatives are available). The paper briefly presents the essence of each technology, describes the pre-requisites for its use in construction, outlines the key advantages, limits and shortcomings, and lists construction projects where it shall be worthwhile to use a specific technology projects.
In many applications in the construction industry and in the transportation sector, it is necessary to convert the original analog information into digital form and transmit this information for further computer processing using the appropriate interface. The question of the correct choice of conversion means (analog-to-digital converters, ADC) and transmission means (interfaces of peripheral devices) is very important because the characteristics of these devices largely determine the quality of the system. Meanwhile, in this area there is a fairly wide range of modern solutions, new trends are observed, which should be taken into account by system developers. Often systems are operated in conditions of high levels of industrial noise and interference. In a number of applications, it is required to process the signals of sensors (for example, building condition sensors) with very high accuracy with moderate processing speed requirements. The choice of a solution is significantly affected by the fact that modern building condition monitoring systems, automated control systems for technical processes in construction, and other systems are built on the basis of microcontrollers. In this study, the above issues are considered comprehensively, on the basis of this, possible solutions are proposed, practical recommendations are given.
Satellite technologies are successfully used in many areas of the economy, allowing you to solve problems that cannot be solved by other methods. The paper explores the possibility of using satellite technologies for monitoring buildings and structures located in remote areas where satellite technologies are the main type of communication (other types of communication are either impossible or economically inexpedient). It is shown that the most rational solution of the tasks set is the use of VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) satellite technology. This technology allows you to deploy a satellite terminal in a short time, to establish communication and transfer data on the state of construction objects to a computer center located at a very large distance from the specified objects. A scheme for monitoring buildings is presented, including a geostationary artificial earth satellite, satellite terminals deployed at remote construction sites, the NOC (Communications control center, Network operations center) and the monitoring Center for all construction sites. The satellite is connected to subscriber terminals using a direct and reverse channel. Data from the NOC is transmitted to the monitoring Center via the Internet through a secure VPN connection. It is noted that the use of certain technical improvements in satellite technology directly depends on economic factors. It is indicated that the monitoring Center of all construction objects receives information on the state not only from remote, but also “ordinary” buildings and structures. It is noted that for efficient information processing it is necessary to use cloud computing, modern intellectual technologies, for large-scale tasks it is most promising to use Big Data technology.
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