This work continues the previous studies on energy-efficient technologies and devices for thawing frozen soils during repair and construction works. It proceeds with the multi-year research on development of efficient devices for emergency repairs. The possibility of using a solid fuel back-draft furnace for accelerated heating of various types of soils is considered. Analysis of the existing devices is presented, the performance criteria are determined, computer modelling of the developed unit and heat and mass transfer processes for the most common types of soils are carried out.

The main statute governing competition in Kazakhstan is the Entrepreneurial Code, first adopted in October 2015. Section 4 of the Code in particular is aimed at the protection of competition in Kazakhstan. It primarily deals with anticompetitive agreements and conduct, provides for a control system over economic concentrations, and regulates anti-monopoly investigations. The anti-monopoly provisions of the Code are enforced by the Committee on the Regulation of Natural Monopolies and Protection of Competition within the Ministry of the National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its regional departments located in each Kazakhstani region and its two main cities (Almaty and Astana). The Committee has a broad range of powers and duties ranging from investigating anticompetitive conduct and imposing administrative sanctions to regulating natural monopolies. The Code generally prohibits horizontal and vertical agreements and concerted actions that lead (or can lead) to restriction of competition, albeit it also provides certain exemptions. The Code includes an exhaustive list of conduct which is prohibited for dominant entities. The Anti-monopoly Committee exercises control over economic concentrations by overseeing mergers, consolidations, acquisitions and certain other transactions.