El entrenamiento en altitud y el entrenamiento en hipoxia simulada producen adaptaciones fisiológicas y bioquímicas en el músculo esquelético como la capacidad oxidativa, así como modificaciones de la actividad mitocondrial, en el metabolismo aerobio y en el contenido de mioglobina.El propósito de esta revisión fue analizar las adaptaciones del músculo esquelético en respuesta a la exposición temporal a la hipoxia combinada con ejercicios de fuerza y resistencia. Según los hallazgos de numerosos autores, las adaptaciones estructurales del músculo son similares en la hipoxia y en la ‘normoxia’, con excepción de un aumento en el volumen muscular y en el área de la sección transversal de la fibra muscular, que son mayores en la hipoxia.En conclusión, la sinergia del entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia y la hipoxia normobárica produce mejores y mayores adaptaciones, ganancias y cambios fisiológicos beneficiosos en el tejido muscular, lo cual genera cambios fenotípicos favorables, como la hipertrofia del músculo esquelético.
In recent years, it has become aware that the factors that limit the agro-productive capacity of soils are derived from the phenomenon of physical degradation that they have experienced, which has been a consequence of intensive tillage with highly productive conventional tillage technologies. In Cuba, despite the advances in tillage, conventional tillage based on the use of plows and disk harrows still prevails, which adversely affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, hence the importance of looking for alternatives that mitigate such effects. The present work was developed in the "Pulido" Science and Technical Unit belonging to the Agricultural Engineering Research Institute with the aim of evaluating the behavior of the physical and hydrophysical properties of the soil under the influence of two technologies of soil preparation, (Conventional Tillage and Conservation Agriculture) the first based on the use of disc implements, the second on the application of the three principles of Conservation Agriculture (minimum soil mobilization, permanent coverage and crop rotation). To evaluate the changes, two plots were established, in which 9 sampling points were taken with three repetitions, for a total of 27 for each area at depths of 0-10, 11-20, 21-30. The results indicate favorable changes in favor of conservation tillage, since a decrease in apparent density and compaction superior to 7%.
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