Pain, both acute and chronic, is a common problem among patients seeking treatment. Mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli alone or in combination initiate acute pain that if sufficiently intense and prolonged, can produce somatic dysfunction. Early diagnosis followed by commencement of osteopathic manipulative treatment suchas high-velocity, low-amplitude; muscle energy; counterstrain; facilitated positional release; and myofascial release can reduce acute pain and prevent its transformation into a chronic disorder.

Sixty two patients were randomised to be seen by osteopathic physicians for palpation of the thoracic para-

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