The authors center on a historical period to present a study of bibliographical character, on which basis they analyze education in Brazil by focusing specifically on the proposal for educational reform made by the Marquis of Pombal. Along the analysis they point to the consequences of the Pombaline reform to Brazilian and Portuguese education, whose social context included, on the one hand, Absolutist ideas, and on the other, the Enlightenment ideas that inspired Pombal. The studies concentrate on Pombal's period in government, namely when he, as Ministry of the Treasure of King José I, tried to carry out reforms in all areas of the Portuguese society, affecting Brazil as a colony, in an attempt to give it unity. The critical analysis converges to the conclusion that the Pombaline reform was disastrous for Brazilian education and, to a certain extent, also to the Portuguese education system. This assertion is based on the following issue: the destruction of the time-honored, consolidated -albeit questionable from social, historical, and scientific viewpointseducational organization of the Jesuit priests, without the implementation of a new educational proposal capable of coping with societal needs. Therefore, the criticism that can be formulated here, and that is valid for the current moment of our own society, relates to the frequent discontinuities of the educational policies. However, it must be emphasized that the substitution of the ecclesiastical methodology of the Jesuits by the pedagogical thinking of the public, lay school signals the arrival, in that society, of the spirit of Modernity.
Instituto Federal de Educaç ã o, Ciê ncia e Tecnologia de Sã o Paulo -IFSP campus Itapetininga/Brasil Resumo O conhecimento histórico da educaç ã o formal brasileira é basilar para a compreensã o do contexto educacional de mudanç a vivido na atualidade e o estabelecimento de encaminhamentos analí ticos diferenciados. Neste sentido, e a partir da premissa de que as ideologias próprias de cada momento histórico direcionam a implantaç ã o de propostas educacionais, a presente pesquisa pretendeu analisar a importâ ncia de se compreender tanto o importante perí odo da historiografia da educaç ã o brasileira como o impacto das reformas educacionais efetuadas no Brasil Colônia por Sebastiã o José de Carvalho e Melo, o Marquê s de Pombal. O perí odo analisado foi denominado como a fase governativa (1750-1777), ocorrida durante o reinado de Dom José I em Portugal e que culminou com as Reformas Pombalinas implementadas em Portugal e no Brasil Colônia. Tais reformas, de cará ter antijesuí tico, centraram-se em medidas, cujos objetivos eram desmantelar o sistema educacional vigente e atribuir a esse a decadê ncia educacional do impé rio daquele momento histórico a fim de alavancar Portugal a partir de uma nova orientação 'cultural' e pela superexploraç ã o colonial. A pesquisa, qualitativa e de cunho bibliográ fico, denota que a reforma pombalina desestabilizou uma organizaç ã o educacional já consolidada sem implementar um novo modelo em substituiç ã o, o qual significou um retrocesso no desenvolvimento educacional, especialmente no contexto brasileiro ainda em estruturaç ã o.
Esta pesquisa pretende apresentar o mapeamento das teses e dissertações relacionados à temática da Formação de Professores em Educação em Astronomia disponibilizados no Banco de Teses e Dissertações sobre Educação em Astronomia. No levantamento de dados, realizado no site, foram identificadas 253 pesquisas que tratam especificamente da temática formação de professores em astronomia. As pesquisas foram divididas em seis categorias: Trabalho Docente, Políticas Públicas e Currículo, Formação Continuada de Professores, Formação Inicial de Professores, Concepções de Docência e Estado da Arte. Evidencia-se que a categoria mais investigada nas Teses e Dissertações defendidas até 2018 foi Trabalho Docente com 66% do total de pesquisas.
The present theoretical essay intends to analyze Leontiev's Theory of Activity and Donald Schön's Theory of the Reflective Professor in order to understand the common points between them and in what way they can be related to the formation of teachers. Leontiev, a disciple of Vygotsky, understands that human development occurs in the work and in social relations established by men in their surroundings. For Schön, the training of teachers occurs in their practice and reflection on this pedagogical practice. By contrasting the assumptions of the two authors, we come to the conclusion that Donald Schön's reflective teacher's proposal is closely related to Leontiev's Theory of Activity by considering that the teacher improves when reflecting on his or her pedagogical practice and, therefore, at work, the main activity of his or her life. In this sense formation is in fact self-training, since teachers re-elaborate initial knowledge in comparison with their practical experiences, which are lived daily in school contexts.
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