3 Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет, Томск В статье показано, что научный поиск по рационализации методик тренировки, технике выполнения упражнений, развитию специальных скоростно-силовых качеств имеет большое значение для прогнозируемой успешной подготовки квалифицированных тяжелоатлетов к стартам. Целью исследования было выявление тенденций изменения тренировочного процесса в период с 1950-х гг. по настоящее время. В ходе подготовки статьи был проведен анализ научно-методической литературы по теме исследования, опубликованной в разные годы. Изучению также подверглись дневники и тренировочные планы некоторых спортсменов, выступавших на всероссийских и международных стартах в период с 1978 по 2018 гг. Результаты исследования позволяют сделать вывод о том, что за последние 60 лет представления о построении тренировочного процесса при подготовке квалифицированных тяжелоатлетов к соревнованиям существенно изменились. Ведущие ученые в тяжелой атлетике изучают проблемы тренировочных нагрузок в различных микроциклах соревновательного, переходного, подготовительного периодов годичного цикла. В работе показаны приемы увеличения интенсивности и объема при тренировках с отягощениями. И в итоге приведен ряд особенностей тренировочного процесса, отражающих тенденцию по изменению различных сторон подготовки квалифицированных тяжелоатлетов. Ключевые слова: тяжелая атлетика, тренировочная нагрузка, объем, интенсивность, мезоцикл, микроцикл The article shows that the scientific search for the rationalization of training techniques, technique of performing exercises, the development of special speed-strength qualities is important for the predicted successful training of qualified weightlifters to the competition. Aim of research -identify trends changing in the training process in the period from the 1950s to the present time. During the preparation of the article the analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the research topic published in different years was carried out. We also studied the diaries and training plans of some athletes who performed at national and international competitions in the period from 1978 to 2018. The results of research allow us to conclude that over the past 60 years the ideas about the build a training process in the preparation of qualified weightlifters for the competition has changed significantly. Leading scientists in weightlifting develop problems of training loads in various microcycles of competitive, transitional, preparatory periods of the annual cycle. The article shows the methods of increasing the intensity and volume when training with weights. And, in conclusion, given a number of features of the training process, reflecting the trend to change the different sides of the training of qualified weightlifters.

The first performance of Soviet weightlifters at the Olympic Games took place in 1952 in Helsinki. There they won three gold medals, taking away the palm of the championship from American weightlifters. The basis for the success of Soviet weightlifters on all world platforms was the system of sports training, which was based on the principle of optimal dosing of training load. The use of this system made it possible to form a national team capable of holding a leading position in the world until the end of the 20th century. The aim of the study was to identify the main features of the training process of qualified weightlifters of the Soviet Union, concerning the dosing of loads and the organization of training, in the period from 1972 to 1992. During the preparation of the article, we analyzed scientific and methodological literature on the research topic, and the diaries of eight athletes who underwent competitive training in the main and reserve composition of the USSR national team in the period from 1978 to 1991. In conclusion, we give recommendations regarding the distribution and dosing of the load of qualified weightlifters in preparation for competitions. As a result of the conducted research, we have found that the amount of load by volume in the preparation of weightlifters for competitions should be 1,000-1,300 number of rod lifts per month, depending on the athlete's athletic qualifications. The parameters of the load volume (number of rod lifts and tonnage) increase with the increase in weightlifters' athletic qualifications. Tonnage increases more significantly than the number of rod lifts. At the same time, the training load of qualified weightlifters should consist of 75-85% of sets for 1, 2 and 3 repetitions in jerk and push exercises. We have revealed that qualified weightlifters should perform a new amount of load in preparation for competitions in competitive and specially preparatory weightlifting exercises. The relative intensity of the load in the preparatory and competitive periods of training of qualified weightlifters should be more than 70% in competitive exercises and more than 90% in special preparatory exercises. Load planning of weightlifters in different periods of competitive training should be carried out taking into account the principle of variability, in particular, by various microcycling schemes using several types of microcycles with a load value from 10% to 40% of its total volume per mesocycle. Based on the data on the optimal amount of load in terms of volume and intensity, as well as data on the distribution of load by the number of repetitions in the approach and by types and groups of weightlifting exercises obtained as a result of the study, it is possible to develop universal models of various types of microcycles of competitive training.

Abstract. Introduction. Nowadays, the training load of qualified weightlifters reaches the values close to the limit, which enhances the importance of an optimal relationship between the parameters of volume and intensity of load. Materials and methods. The work involved an analysis of scientific and methodological literature on the topic of research published in recent years. This study has also examined diaries and training plans of some athletes who took part in the national and international competitions in 2000-2020. Results. The paper presents averaged volume and intensity parameters that can be used in the development of model load characteristics in micro-and mesocycles of competitive training of qualified weightlifters. Conclusions. The dynamics of changes in load parameters for qualified weightlifters depends on the type of microcycle and the training period in the annual training cycle. The greatest change in the load value is observed in shock and competition microcycles. Keyword: weightlifting, training load, volume, intensity, mesocycle, microcycle.

In weightlifting, throughout its existence, the search for optimal methods of organizing the training process is underway. In their works, researchers emphasize the importance of load distribution in annual periods, mesocycles, and microcycles. The aim of this study was to improve the training process of highly qualified weightlifters based on the application of diverse variations of load in intensity zones for the main groups of exercises in the microcycles of the competitive mesocycle. Working on the article, the authors analyzed scientific and methodological literature on the topic. The obtained data became the basis for the development of two options of a program for training weightlifters in a 4-week competitive mesocycle. The developed program was tested experimentally. In the course of the experiment, two equal experimental groups of eight people in each were formed from weightlifters with the qualification of master of sports of Russia. During the experiment, athletes of both groups performed the same amount of training load: 1608 NBL (number of barbell lifts). The load distribution for microcycles within the competition mesocycle was also the same for all athletes. The sequence of microcycles was as follows: recovery microcycle (340 NBL) → shock microcycle (603 NBL); → basic microcycle (483 NBL) → competitive microcycle (182 NBL). The authors assumed that with the same total load volumes and the identical sequence of types of microcycles in experimental groups, the variable distribution of load by intensity zones and main groups of exercises within individual microcycles of the competition mesocycle would allow achieving an increase in the result at competitions. The end of the experiment was the performance of athletes at all-Russian competitions. Athletes of Group 1 were able to improve the result in the total of the double event by 5.6 kg. Athletes of Group 2 showed a negative dynamics of results in the double event by 1.9 kg. The results of the study show that the increase in NBL in classical exercises by 8.5 % per month (competitive mesocycle) with a similar reduction in the load in special training exercises allows improving weightlifters’ competitive result without increasing the total amount of load under the following conditions: load in the snatch and jerk exercises in the intensity zones of 81–100% should increase by 40% per month; load reduction in pull exercises and barbell squats should be distributed relatively evenly across all applied intensity zones; load distribution by microcycles inside the competition mesocycle should follow the scheme: recovery → shock → basic → competitive; the greatest variations of load in classical and special preparatory exercises should be applied in the shock microcycle.

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