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The article deals with the task of forming a noise spectrum during the processing of parts by the method of surface plastic deformation using a ball-core hardener. Processing using this method is used to harden both flat and curved surfaces, create compressive residual stresses, smooth out cavities, apply a regular microrelief on friction pairs, and also to process welds. The treatment process is accompanied by a loud noise, which mainly exceeds the standard values in the working area of the operator. The results of experimental studies of the spectra of noise and vibration to ensure acoustic safety are presented. The evaluation of the formation of the sound field in the working area of the sources considered. In the course of experimental studies, hazardous and harmful production factors arising from the implementation of machining welded structures were identified. The results of measuring sound pressure levels at the operator’s workplace during compressor operation and the processing of welds of channels and angles are presented. The obtained data are compared with theoretical conclusions about the laws governing the formation of noise spectra and the contribution of noise sources to the sound field at the operator’s workplace.