Over 2.5 million military service members have been deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation New Dawn (OND). Research indicates OEF/OIF/OND veterans, compared to veterans of other service eras, have elevated risks of mental health problems, suicide rates, homelessness, and problems in the criminal justice system. This article reviews the characteristics of, treatment needs of, and emerging criminal justice reentry initiatives for veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts.

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