RESUMOA matriz elétrica brasileira apoia-se sobre empreendimentos hidrelétricos, com evidente predominância de grandes empreendimentos geradores de energia. Nos últimos anos, as Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas (PCHs) têm ganhado destaque dentre os empreendimentos que constituem o parque gerador no país, estimuladas pela perspectiva de um menor nível de conflitos socioambientais em comparação com os grandes empreendimentos. Ocorre que, da mesma forma que grandes usinas, as PCHs apresentam uma gama de impactos ambientais que devem ser avaliados previamente à sua implantação. Considerando os procedimentos aplicados atualmente no processo de licenciamento ambiental brasileiro, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade de critérios orientadores da avaliação da qualidade técnica de Estudos de Impactos Ambientais de PCHs. A fim de ilustrar as discussões apresentadas, três estudos de impacto elaborados para essa tipologia de empreendimento foram analisados, de modo individual e coletivo. O conjunto de critérios aplicados mostrou-se adequado para a revisão da qualidade dos estudos apresentados, mostrando-se útil para diminuir a variabilidade e discricionariedade durante a análise técnica dos estudos ambientais que subsidiam o processo de licenciamento ambiental. Palavras-chave: Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental. Licenciamento Ambiental. Efetividade. Instrumentos de Política Ambiental.
PurposeHaemorrhoids are normal structures in the human body, only seen as pathological when symptomatic. Nowadays, new techniques have surfaced using a diode laser which, after locating the target arteries, blocks the blood flow while hitting and shrinking the local mucosa/submucosa at a depth of 4 mm. Our work aimed to give a broad view over this new technique and its consequences in the post-operative follow-up with a systematic review.MethodsEMBASE and MEDLINE databases were consulted, retrieving clinical trials, which mentioned the use of 980 nm diode laser on the treatment of haemorrhoids.ResultsTen clinical trials analyzing the post-operative effects of laser haemorrhoidectomy were selected, including 2 randomized controlled clinical trials and 1 controlled clinical trial. The overall quality of the trials was low, indicating a high risk of bias.ConclusionThe laser haemorrhoidectomy procedure revealed a high therapeutic potential, considering the reduced number of postoperative complaints (bleeding/pain), the high symptom resolution and the reduced recurrence, albeit the high heterogeneity between the studies in terms of reported results. Future investigations with higher quality and controlled double-blinded studies obtaining better-categorized results should be conducted in order to better evaluate this procedure and compare it to the current paradigm.
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