Commercial pear varieties worldwide are grafted on rootstocks of Pyrus and Cydonia. Quinces rootstocks have been widely used due to two beneficial characteristics provided to the scion tree as size reduction and yield precocity. However, most pear cultivars exhibit graft incompatibility when grafted on quince rootstocks due to physiologic and biochemical factors. Aiming to compare compatibility levels, 41 five-year-old scion/rootstocks combinations trained in medium/high density (2000 trees/ha) were measured in the region of Pelotas-RS, Brazil during 2007. The pear cvs. tested were 'Carrick'

RESUMOA profundidade de semeadura pode interferir na emergência das plântulas e no seu estabelecimento inicial. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da profundidade de semeadura sobre a expressão do vigor de sementes e o desempenho inicial de plântulas de feijoeiro. Utilizaram-se sementes das cultivares IPR-Gralha e IPR-Tiziu e os tratamentos consistiram em diferentes profundidades de semeadura, 15; 30; 45 e 60 mm. Foram avaliados emergência, comprimento e matéria seca de raízes e parte aérea, área foliar, razão de parte aérea, raiz e área foliar. A emergência e a matéria seca das plântulas reduziram com a profundidade de semeadura. A razão de área foliar aumentou na cultivar IPR-Tiziu até a profundidade de 30 mm e na cultivar IPR-Gralha foi crescente com o aumento da profundidade de semeadura. O aumento na profundidade de semeadura reduz a expressão do vigor e o desempenho inicial de plântulas de feijoeiro.Palavras-chave: estande de plantas, performance de plântulas, Phaseolus vulgaris L., qualidade fisiológica Seed vigor and initial performance of bean seedlings under different sowing depths ABSTRACTThe sowing depth can influence the seedling emergence and its initial establishment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sowing depth on the expression of vigor and initial performance of bean seedlings. The cultivars used were IPRGralha and IPR-Tiziu and the treatments consisted of different sowing depths 15, 30, 45 and 60 mm. The parameters evaluated were emergence, seedling length (root and shoot), seedling dry weight (root and shoot), leaf area, shoot/root ratio and leaf area ratio. The emergence and seedling dry weight were reduced with the sowing depth. The leaf area ratio increased in the cultivar IPR-Tiziu until depth of 30 mm and in the cultivar IPR-Gralha increased with the depth of sowing. Increased sowing depth decreased the vigor expression and initial performance of bean seedlings.

RESUMONo Brasil, a comercialização de mudas de pessegueiro (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), em sua grande maioria, é feita através de raiz nua. Entretanto, uma alternativa tecnológica para o plantio em diferentes épocas é a produção de mudas em embalagens. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes substratos no desenvolvimento de porta-enxertos de pessegueiro e da cultivar Maciel produzidas em embalagens. ABSTRACTIn Brazil, most of the nursery peach trees marketed sold to the fruit growers has been as bare-root plants during their dormancy during the winter. However, potted nursery trees may be a high potential choice for different planting time during the year. This research aimed to assess the influence of different substrates on development of peach rootstocks and cultivar 'Maciel' raised in package. The tested substrates were equal volume combinations: Plantmax HT + húmus substrate (7,6 mm). Regarding to canopy volume and plant height at the end of the growth season, there was no influence of the substrates.

Low fruiting is the main problem related to the pear production in Brazil, which makes the country one of the major pear importers. This research aimed to evaluate different rootstocks to pear tree cultivar 'Carrick' to be used in commercial orchards. The experiment was carried out in Pelotas/RS, located at latitude 31°52'00"S, longitude 52°21'24"W Greenwich and altitude of 13.24 m. The orchard was set up in 2002 with a density of 2000 trees.ha-1. The trees were conducted in slender spindler system trained on three-wire support with a dripping irrigation system. The treatments assessed were 13 quince rootstocks (Cydonia oblonga

The low fruiting is one of the main problems related to the pear production in Brazil. In this context, this work aimed to determine the fruit set of pear fruits 'Garber' in the different fruiting organs regarding the North, South, West and East quadrant by using physical and chemical treatments. Sixteen-year-old trees were conducted at spacing of 6 × 8 m. The treatments were: 1) control; 2) summer short pruning; 3) branches bending + summer long pruning; 4) winter branches bending; 5) winter pruning; 6) girdling; 7) 560 ml 100 L-1 of H 2 O of Promalina ® (benzyladenine + gibberellins AG 4 +AG 7) or 8) 200 ml 100 L-1 of H 2 O of Biozyme * TF. After 55 days, the fruits fixed in the different fruiting organs as lamburde, brindille, brindille couronnee and bourse were counted. The girdling treatment done in the winter time showed the highest effective fruit set rates independent of fruiting organs. The use of Promalina ® and winter bending were not efficient to the pear tree 'Garber' in this experiment conditions. The effective fruit set was similar at all the orientation quadrants in the region of Pelotas-RS, Brazil. The fruiting organs of the pear trees 'Garber' that showed the highest effective fruit set rates were brindille couronnee and bourses. Lamburde was the fruiting organ with the lowest effective fruit set rates independent of treatment.