The article analyzes the situations that might limit the rights of a taxpayer under double taxation avoidance agreements. Because of the analysis of the national legislation in the area of taxation, significant differences that lead to the emergence of controversial situations regarding double taxation are revealed. The general analysis of the basic concepts of legal regulation using Russian and foreign sources regarding restrictions on the exercise of taxpayer rights under double taxation avoidance agreements, principles and mechanisms in national legislation is carried out. Because of studying the terms of individual agreements on avoidance of double taxation to test the admissibility of applying national legislation, significant differences in the approaches of different countries and examples of law enforcement based on judicial practice are analyzed. The novelty of the article is the justification of the necessity of establishing the basic principles upon restricting taxpayer rights under double taxation avoidance agreements in national legislation. The practical significance of the work lies in identifying the role of mutual agreement procedures between the competent authorities of the contracting parties under double taxation avoidance agreements, as well as in stating recommendations on the practical application of the rules regarding the limitation of taxpayer rights under double taxation avoidance agreements. System analysis, expert analysis, event analysis, traditionally legal methods (formal and logical, comparative legal), structural analysis, and modeling research methods are used.