No abstract

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable biological macromolecules three-tier test (BM-3T) so that it is feasible to identify misconceptions of prospective science teachers. This research is a type of research and development by following the research design by Kiliç and Sağlam, which consists of three stages, namely defining content, obtaining information on student misconceptions, and developing tests. Research data was obtained through interviews, validation, and test trials. The subjects in this study consisted of 14 prospective science teachers in the first semester in the 2021/2022 academic year at the Universitas Negeri Manado. The data analysis carried out includes the analysis of test validity, test reliability analysis, and test difficulty level analysis. The results showed that the 16 test items developed were declared valid, the test reliability coefficient of 0.78 was in the reliable category, and the level of difficulty of BM-3T shows an average value of 0.44, which is included in the moderate category. Therefore, BM-3T is appropriate to identify misconceptions of prospective science teachers on the topic of biological macromolecules.

Enrichment test of omega-3 fatty acids from tuna canning waste oil in Bitung North Sulawesi Indonesia have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to utilize tuna canning waste oil and enriched the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids with urea crystallization. The results showed that the characteristics of fish oil quality of tuna canning waste 0.9% moisture content, free fatty acids (FFA) 3.4%, copper (Cu) 0.1 ppm, iron (Fe) 2.5 ppm and phosphorus (P) 32,5 ppm still meets IFOMA quality standards Liquid fatty acid profile contains total SFA 33.7%, 27.6% PUFA, 1.4% omega-6 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids 25.9%, EPA 4.2% and DHA 21.4%, MUFA 18.8%, omega-9 fatty acids 13.9%, while concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids contained a total SFA of 7.7%, PUFA 70.9%, omega-6 fatty acids 0.8%, omega-3 fatty acids 70.1%, EPA 4.2% and DHA 21.4%, MUFA 2.7%, omega-9 fatty acids 1.5%. The urea crystallization process increases the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as omega-3 (EPA and DHA.), the enrichment rate is 2.7 times.

The application of tuba root bioactive extract (Derris elliptica L.) as a natural insecticide on the Crocidolomia binotalis caterpillar on mustard plants (Brassica juncea L.) was carried out. The test results showed that there were significant differences in antifeedant activity of the Crocidolomia binotalis caterpillar on mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants at various concentrations. The research was carried out in several stages, starting from the tubal root extraction stage, phytochemical testing, preparation of caterpillar tests, testing of antifeedant activity. As the treatment is the level of methanol concentration of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm. The parameter observed was the percentage of Feeding Reduction (FR). The test results showed that the best antifeedant activity of Crocidolomia binotalis was at concentrations of 500 ppm and 1000 ppm because it was able to inhibit feeding power or Feeding Reduction of test caterpillars by 15.35% and 32.33%, was able to inhibit the feeding activity of Crocidolomia binotalis.

This study aims to: 1) To find out how to improve physics learning outcomes of Class X students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano, use a project-based learning model on effort and energy.  2) Determination of the improvement in the abilities of class X students in physics processes at the SMA Negeri 2 Tondano using a project-based learning model, on the subject of effort and energy. This type of research is a research using the Classroom Action Research Method (PTK) done in 2 cycles in 4 stages, namely: planning phase, action, observation and reflection. The results of the study were 1) The application of the PjBL learning model on the subject of effort and energy can improve the learning outcomes of the physical and scientific process skills of the class X SMA N 2 Tondano. 2) Cycle I The gain test value was 0.43 in the medium category, Cycle II the gain test value was 0.51 in the moderate category. 3) In the first cycle the average value of the scientific process skills was 84.7 with a good category and cycle II the average value of the scientific process skills was 89.9 with a very good category.