Total proteins, electrophoretic analysis, biological lethality, and phospholipase activity of five members of the Cerastes-viper species living along the Nile Valley were investigated. Elevation of environmental temperature was accompanied with high values for these indices. It is concluded that zoological distribution and environmental conditions could influence the overall biological behaviour of snake venoms of the same species.

A total of seven variations of edible Araceae species were identically consumed by locals in the Districts of Kota Bharu and Machang, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. These species are Keladi Pinang, Keladi Batang Putih, Keladi Tapak Badak, Keladi Birah, Keladi Batang Hitam, Keladi Candek and Keladi Tetawi. However, through a taxonomic identification were recognised only four species, these are Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don, Alocasia longiloba Miq. and Xantosoma sagitifolia (L.) Schott. The results revealed that Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G.Don. have three and two variations of species, respectively. The study also shows that Araceae is not only as sources of medicinal and ornamental but also commonly used by locals as foods which can be potentially explored and commercialized as a new bio-economy product.

This study aims to find out how the impact of working mothers on crime in children, as well as the factors that influence it. The analysis was carried out using cross section data in 2016. The National SocioEconomic Survey (Susenas) data is used in this study and as a sample is the household that has a mother and child where a mother can be categorized as working and not working. To know the impact of working mothers on crime in children is used the Probit model. The results of this study explain that there is no significant relationship between working mothers on the probability of children becoming victims of crime.