Though being 30 years old, coopetition, is still earning popularity and represents a fresh, beneficial, but paradoxical approach to inter-organizational relations. The increasing interest is gradually filling the pool of coopetition knowledge with new and interesting qualitative findings and quantitative results. Nonetheless, if we search in this pool of empirical evidence, we will not find many theoretical works, especially those devoted to definitions, conceptualization, typology, or recognition of the foundations of coopetition phenomenon. Our reviewing paper taps into these cognitive gaps using the interpretative and descriptive revision of the theoretical underpinnings of coopetition concept. Our literature review reveals 10 main reference theories with the dominant relevance of three ones, namely game theory, resource-based view, and network approach. Identification of the theoretical lenses allowed us to develop two categorizations of theoretical rooting of coopetition. One is based on the approach to reasoning the adoption of coopetition strategy (i.e., economic, organizational, and inter-organizational) and the second considering the function of coopetition theory development (i.e., preparing, encouraging, and managing). Finally, by integrating these categorizations, reinforced by the process view to coopetition phenomenon, this paper offers a comprehensive configuration of theoretical lenses pointing at three sets of theories—construction, development, and maintenance theories—useful when improving coopetition across its life cycle.

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Quick changes in international economy have made it by far more difficult and more complicated to plan to work in foreign markets than it was in the past. Actually, with regard to the high intensity of competition in the area of world trade, it is unavoidably inevitable to accept the role of thoughts, skills and abilities of managers of commercial units to enter world markets. With respect to the importance of the issue, we are dealing with lack of applicable studies investigating the effective characteristics of management on the performance of firm in the area of international trade in the developing countries in general and in Iran in particular. Thus, the present essay intends both to recognize the managerial characteristics effective on the development of non-petroleum exports in Iranian firms exporting such products, and to analyze the hypotheses related to the issue.

Entering the 3rd millennium, the 7th Secretary General of the United Nations proclaimed the global actions as the result of the synergy between 3 main pillars of the society including the governments with the key role in the field of politics and law, business entities in the field of economy and community-based organizations in the arena of civil society. WHO states: “A National Cancer Control Program (NCCP) is a public health program designed to reduce the number of cancer cases and deaths and improve quality of life of cancer patients.” It has also stated: “If national leaders decide to create a new or updated cancer control plan, then the cancer control planning process can start with broad participatory support. All key stakeholders should be involved early in the planning stages, and national leadership is needed throughout the process.” The key question is “Do national cancer control plans include the main stakeholders according to Mr. Annan's recommendation?” The short answer is “No.” This presentation will address the fundamental question that in the situation where the governments, especially in low- and middle-income countries, are the only policy makers in the field of health, while there exists active community-based organizations with proven advocacy reach operating with complete reliance on public donations and social assets, what is the main role of these organizations now that their capacities are not being used in national cancer control planning: 1. Be only an executor of these plans? 2. Design strategic plans in parallel with the national programs? 3. Allocate their resources to fill the gaps which are not addressed by the governments?