No abstract

In this paper a new approach for design of fixed order H controller is proposed, controller performance is indicated by single cost function i.e. stability margin. The nominal plant has been shaped by choosing the weighting functions. The corresponding cost function is obtained by applying the McFarlane and Glover procedure, the desired controller structure with few parameters has been specified as PID controller and the H norm of closed loop transfer function and specific controller parameters are optimized by using the immune algorithm. The resulting optimal controller stabilizes the system and guarantees for the performance. To check the usefulness of proposed approach, resulting controller parameters are evaluated for performance via system simulations. Simulations results reveal the efficiency of proposed approach.

Pembangunan kapal termasuk dalam pekerjaan komplek dengan sistem pembayaran multi tahun atau lebih dari satu tahun anggaran, sehingga sangat penting untuk menyusun anggaran biaya atau harga yang dibutuhkan dalam membangun kapal baru. Harganya harus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan material dan jasa dengan standar harga pasar selama waktu penyelesaian. Tujuan penelitian tentang standar harga pembangunan kapal perintis adalah melakukan identifikasi, analisis dan menyusun standar harga pembangunan harga kapal perintis beserta komponennya. Tahapan-tahapan yang dilaksanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi data primer dan sekunder yang berkaitan harga kapal perintis dan komponennya dengan studi pustaka dan survey lapangan. Data diolah dengan metode regresi dan diperoleh grafik dan persamaan standar harga kapal perintis tahun 2015 adalah : y = 0,0323x + 10,709; persamaan biaya material adalah ymn = ym + ym10{(n – 2015)/100}; dan persamaan biaya jasa pembangunan dan biaya pihak ketiga adalah yjn = yj + yj 8.25 {(n – 2015)/100}.

Demand fleet as a means of marine transport could be met by building new ships and buying second-hand vessels. The current constraints in building a new ship are the cost relatively expensive and take a long time, while the profit for the procurement of second hand ships time relative faster and cheaper price. This study aimed to identify the price of second hand vessels and to develop a cost estimation model second hand vessels. Collecting data with survey vessel prices do with field surveys and market surveys via the internet on websites selling used shipbroker. Data survey include the price, type of vessel, the main dimension, tonnage, machines, materials and speed. Multi-methods data processing and analysis consisting of market price approach, comparative vessel and physical pricing approach. Estimated price or appraisal vessel obtained from the average value of the three methods.