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Ginger and its derivatives have been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of cancer. We undertook a systematic review to answer the question of whether ginger has a role in modifying the biomarkers of cancer in cell culture conditions and on colorectal cancer in randomized clinical trials. We performed a comprehensive search of the literature from Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews. At first, all 12 papers studied the effect of ginger or its derivatives on cell culture conditions. The results of cell culture studies show that ginger has a powerful role in inducing apoptosis. In the second part, five studies of clinical trials were analyzed. By analyzing antitumor markers of clinical trials, ginger increased some anticancer markers but performed poorly in inducing some anticancer markers. This systematic review showed that the consumption of ginger extract has the potential to prevent and treat colorectal cancer but this ability is weak.

ObjectiveAvascular necrosis of the hip is a common debilitating disease during the fourth and fifth decades of life. This study attempted to evaluate quality of life in patients with avascular necrosis of the hip joint before and after surgery.MethodsIn this study, 40 patients with avascular necrosis of the hip who underwent total hip arthroplasty, bipolar surgery, or cord compression were examined during 2006–2013. Harris Hip Score was used to assess the hip joint function and quality of life before and after surgery. The mean scores and standard deviation were used to describe data for quantitative variables, while frequency percentage was used to describe qualitative variables. Data were analyzed through SPSS v.19 and paired t-test. p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThis study involved 40 subjects with a mean age of 32 ± 7.38 years, ranging from 21 to 45 years old. The mean Harris Hip Score for patients before and after surgery were 20.36 and 96.15, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The average patient activity scores before and after surgery (8.9 and 44.2, respectively), non-deformity (1.6 and 3.9), and movement (3.6 and 4.9) indicated significant differences (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 80% of patients felt no hip joint pain six months after surgery, while 92.5% patients did not use any assistive device to walk.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that surgery substantially contributed to relieving pain and improving hip function in patients with osteonecrosis of the hip joint in the short term.

In this study, the adsorption of Paclitaxel (PTX) drug molecule onto graphene doped with nitrogen atoms ( N -doped graphene) in vacuum and aqueous environments has been investigated. To do this, we have employed a series of very accurate molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to reveal the effect of N atoms concentration on drug molecule adsorption. The critical value of N adatoms is obtained. The water concentration, adsorption energy, and average distance of drug molecule from surface are calculated. Overall, our findings provide crucial information for the performance of N -doped graphene in drug delivery.