The issue of language in Pakistan is not just related to linguistics. It has far more implications for cultural, economic, political, and social dimensions of Pakistani society. The current paper studies the latest language policy of Pakistan and its implications for local languages. It then relates to the formation and implementation of a (certain steps) feasible language policy to root out the conflicts and ethnic clashes from time to time in the country, and discusses ways to survive the language shock of majority of students in Pakistan, who are taught English as compulsory subject up to 14 years of education despite the puzzling phenomenon of cultural aversive attitudes towards English language by the masses. The employed teaching methods and curriculum in the institutions of Pakistan, for decades, have only been successful in maintaining the gap between the privileged English speaking people and the hardcore anti-English sentiments. In this battle for linguisticidentity crisis and supremacy, a lot of national talent has been wasted. This paper briefly reexplores the situation of languages in the country on the first step, and then it moves on to focus on the national policy, its flaws, and it possible ways out by bringing in examples from Chinese and Indian Language Policies.Keywords: language policy; ethnic; aversive attitudes; linguistic-identity; anti-English sentiments PovzetekDileme jezika v Pakistanu niso povezane samo z jezikoslovjem. Njihove posledice je čutiti na kulturnem, ekonomskem, političnem in socialnem področju pakistanske družbe. Članek natančno pregleda trenutno jezikovno politiko v Pakistanu in njen vpliv na lokalne jezike. Naveže se na oblikovanje in uvedbo tistega dela jezikovne politike, ki bi kar najbolj izkoreninil med-etnične konflikte. Obenem se dotakne obveznega 14-letnega učenja angleščine v šolah, ki se otepa splošnega ljudskega odpora, saj naj bi le povečeval razlike med priviligiranim slojem angleško-govorečih in preostalimi. V boju za jezikovno identiteto in prevlado je bilo precej izgubljenega. Članek tako prevetri jezikovno situacijo in razmišlja o nacionalni jezikovni politiki ter o jezikovnih politikah na Kitajskem in v Indiji, katerih ideje bi bilo moč privzeti. Ključne
The knowledge about genetic diversity of wheat genotypes is useful for the development of efficient cultivars adapted to diverse conditions. Various genetic parameters like broad-sense heritability, expected selection response, and correlation analysis were estimated among 12 F3 spring wheat populations derived from eight parents. The 20 wheat genotypes exhibited highly significant differences (P≤ 0.01) for all the studied traits. BT4N-11 × Zam-2004 revealed maximum spikes plant-1, while highest spikelets and grains spike-1 were obtained for BTRF-1 × Zam-2004. BTRF-17 × Kohat-2010 and BT6N-5 × Kohat-2010 revealed maximum grain yield and harvest index plant-1, while BTRF-3 × Zam-2004 and BT4N-11 × Kohat-2010 showed maximum 1000-grain weight and biological yield plant-1 among 12 F3 populations. Moderate to high heritability estimates were obtained for all the studied traits among the evaluated 12 F3 populations. Principal component analysis revealed biological yield per plant (0.483), 1000-grain weight (0.586), and harvest index (0.601) as the major variability contributing traits. Correlation analysis for grain yield, biological yield, and 1000-grain weight exposed positive and significant associations among each other and also with other yield contributing traits. Hence, it is concluded that BT4N-11 × Zam-2004, BT4N-11 × Kohat-2010, BT6N-12 × Zam-2004 and BTRF-17 × Kohat-2010 exhibited high estimates of genetic parameters and multivariate analysis coupled with high mean performance for most of the yield traits among 12 F3 populations and therefore, should be further used as F4 populations for possible selection of desirable lines.
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