Cognitive Twins (CT) are proposed as Digital Twins (DT) with augmented semantic capabilities for identifying the dynamics of virtual model evolution, promoting the understanding of interrelationships between virtual models and enhancing the decision-making based on DT. The CT ensures that assets of Internet of Things (IoT) systems are well-managed and concerns beyond technical stakeholders are addressed during IoT system development. In this paper, a Knowledge Graph (KG) centric framework is proposed to develop CT. Based on the framework, a future tool-chain is proposed to develop the CT for the initiatives of H2020 project FACTLOG. Based on the comparison between DT and CT, we infer the CT is a more comprehensive approach to support IoTbased systems development than DT.

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Nowadays, new issues have been emerged in industry by increasing the supply chain boundaries, especially when some supply chain members seek their own interests. In the literature, this case is referred to as a multiagent problem in which each agent has his/her own set of jobs and objectives. Here, an integrated production scheduling and distribution problem in a multisite supply chain is investigated from the three‐agent perspective of the manufacturer, distributor, and customer. Due to the complexity of the problem, a novel evolutionary‐based reference point determination of the third version of the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (ERNSGA‐III) is proposed. In this algorithm, some modifications to the classic version of NSGA‐III have been made and a novel reference point determination method based on Bees algorithm is used in the selection operation. Some statistical tests are performed to compare the proposed algorithm with three other algorithms in the literature. The results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective than other algorithms.

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