No abstract

Forty-six patients were included in this study. The study sample consisted of 25 male (54.3%) and 21 female (45.7%) patients. The mean age of the patients was 6.17 years (range, 2-14 y). In the nasal endoscopic examination, the mean (SD) choanal obstruction ratio was 64.6% (19.5%) (range, 12.5%-90%). Mean (SD) A-N ratio was found to be 16.7 (14.4). The A-N ratio correlated with nasal endoscopic examination findings (r = 0.334, P = 0.023) CONCLUSIONS: The A-N ratio was found to be a useful, tolerable, and confident diagnostic method in pediatric patients for adenoid hypertrophy. Pediatricians can confidently use this method for decision after follow-up or operation.

There was a relationship between low plasma ferritin level and SFS. Low plasma ferritin level may be a risk factor for the development of SFS. For preventing the FS attacks, treatment of present ID and oral supplementary iron therapy should be initiated for children with SFS who have a low plasma ferritin.

The superior vena cava (SVC) is a large but a short vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium. It is formed by left and right brachiocephalic veins (also known as innominate veins) (1). We hereby present a patient who was found to harbor a persistent left, ie, double SVC during investigation of persistent cough.A 31-year-old non-smoking man presented with a 2 month history of dry cough, rhinorrhea and postnasal drip. He had been seen at an Otorhinolaryngology clinic which prescribed standard sinusitis therapy. Due to lack of relief, he then presented to our clinic. The patient had no symptoms related to other systems. His vital signs were normal and physical examination was unremarkable. Basic laboratory tests were normal, as were his spirometry results. The chest X-ray was normal.Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest were obtained to rule out an endobronchial lesion, which unexpectedly demonstrated double SVC, that was subsequently confirmed by bi-cubital contrast administration. The intercommunicating vein was located in its initial part to the left of arcus aorta and pulmonary artery, later on passing to the posteroinferior aspect of the heart before finally entering the right atrium (Figure 1). An echocardiography was interpreted as normal. SVC anomalies are rare occurrences caused by variations in the development of the embryonic thoracic venous system. Since developmental stages of the latter are fairly complex, many anatomical configurations are possible (2). Persistent left SVC is the most common form. There is a prevalence of 0.5% in the EDİTÖRE MEKTUP/LETTER TO THE EDITOR Tuberk Toraks 2012; 60(2): 199-200 Geliş Tarihi/Received: 16/03/2011 -Kabul Ediliş Tarihi/Accepted: 21/04/2011 A case with double vena cava superior discovered during the investigating of persistent cough Emine ARGÜDER 1 , Ali KÖKSAL 2 , Burçak GÜMÜŞ 2 , Mehmet Kutlu ÇELENK 3 1 Bayındır Kavaklıdere Hastanesi, Göğüs Hastalıkları Bölümü, Ankara, 2 Bayındır Söğütözü Hastanesi, Radyoloji Bölümü, Ankara, 3 Bayındır Kavaklıdere Hastanesi, Kardiyoloji Bölümü, Ankara.

At a cost per vaccine course of US$31.5 for monovalent and US$38 for pentavalent vaccine, routine RV vaccination could be potentially cost effective and also cost saving in Turkey. National RV vaccinations will play a significant role in preventing RV infections.