Purpose -The main objective of this paper is to investigate the role of information technology (IT) in business process reengineering (BPR) and their interdependency in the organization, and also to provide a framework for facilitating BPR efforts through IT tools for leading the organization towards knowledge-based organization. Design/methodology/approach -Based on review of recent literature, this is a conceptual paper that examines current perspectives of BPR regarding IT and provides a general framework for the study of BPR and IT. Findings -Provides a conceptual framework that clarifies the interdependency between IT and BPR and also presents the major IT functions in different areas in the organization during the change program.Research limitations/implications -Suggests further research studies in case-based studies implementations and analysis Practical implications -Provides a very helpful guideline for practitioners in implementing IT tools for change programs. They can also understand to take into account both the emergent nature of change itself and the role of IT in BPR efforts through this paper. Meanwhile organization development researchers, knowledge management practitioners, IT consultants and change leaders may benefit this paper very much. Originality/value -The paper may be of value to researchers in the change management field and to practitioners involved with BPR and IT. This study further opens up new lines of research and highlights implications for process redesign considering IT necessities, including issues associated with leading adoption of change program through IT tools. The paper also provides a synthesis and analysis of the viewpoints as reflected in the literature on various dimensions of BPR efforts and IT.

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In this paper we introduce a robust optimization approach to solve the milk run system with time window with inventory uncertainty. This approach yields routes that minimize transportation costs while satisfying all inventory in a given bounded uncertainty set. The idea of Milk Run problem has been used in the context of logistic and supply chain problems in order to manage the transportation of materials. Since the resulted problem formulation is NP-Hard, In order to solve the underlying problem, a novel algorithm entitled robust optimization has been proposed. We apply the model to solve some numerical examples to show robust solution efficiency versus deterministic. Since the resulted problem illustrate that grows up time in this method is progressively, In order to solve problem in large scale, particle swarm optimization has been proposed. We also observe that the robust solution amounts to a clever management of the remaining vehicle capacity compared to uniformly and non-uniformly distributing this slack over the vehicles.

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At the present time in Islamic Republic of Iran the Virtual Universities are operating beside the Non- virtual universities. The problem that virtual universities now confront is low level of students trust which applying to these universities. The current research tries to recognize factors affecting students trust in Virtual Universities using Delphi Method. This qualitative study examined the opinions of a diverse group of participating experts in the area of information technology and virtual universities. Data were collected through a Delphi methodology during which four rounds of Delphi were administered to determine the Factors affecting students Trust in Virtual Universities