Introduction This study examined the effectiveness of occupational performance coaching, which was delivered through telerehabilitation, in improving children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) occupational performance, behavior problems, and prosocial behavior in addition to parental self-efficacy and quality of life. Method Forty-three children were matched and randomized to occupational performance coaching or waitlist groups. Occupational performance, parental self-efficacy, behavioral problems, and prosocial behaviors were assessed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Child adjustment and parent efficacy scale-developmental disability (CAPES-DD), the Short-Form Health Survey, and goal attainment scale. Results The intervention group showed greater improvement on occupational performance, specified goals, and behavioral problems. No progress was seen on the CAPES-DD prosocial behavior subscale. In addition, parental quality of life improvement was not maintained after the follow-up phase. Conclusion Occupation performance coaching, which was delivered through telerehabilitation, was effective on children with ASD occupational performance and parental self-efficacy, but it was not effective on the prosocial behaviors of these children.

INTRODUCTION: To design instructions in health sciences education, it is highly relevant to heed the working memory and the approaches for managing cognitive load. In this article, we tried to mention the implications of cognitive load theory (CLT) for optimizing teaching-learning in health sciences education and discussing cognitive load from the perspective of cognitive neurosciences as brain-aware medical education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched databases of Pubmed, Proquest, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science for relevant literature in September 1, 2018. RESULTS: The 27 articles out of a total of 46 records, along with 23 papers from snowballing and hand searching were included in this study. Main items encompassed; “Various types of cognitive loads,” “Aim of cognitive load theory,” “Strategies to managing Cognitive Load,” “Cognitive Load Theory in novice and experienced learners and “expertise reversal effect,” Medical and Health Sciences Curriculums and Cognitive Load Theory,” “Challenges of Cognitive Load Theory.” CONCLUSIONS: We discussed six important themes for CLT in health sciences education according to the literature. Mental imagery (visualization) as one of the useful techniques to optimize germane load was suggested, as it processes further gain access to neural circuits that are engaged in sensory, motor, executive, and decision-making pathways in the brain.

Background and Objectives: Cerebral Palsy (CP) can trouble caregivers in the families of children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting caregiver troubles of the families of children with CP. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 121 children with CP and their parents participated. Factors such as gross motor function, manual ability, communication function, eating and drinking abilities, seizure, IQ, age, gender, auditory and visual problems were evaluated in children, and their predictive power to the caregiver difficulties was measured. Results: The Mean±SD of age of the children in the study was 9.7±4.6 years. The linear regression results showed that none of the evaluated factors were predictors of caregiver difficulties. Conclusion: The present study showed that none of the factors mentioned could predict caregivers’ troubles. Future studies on the factors affecting the caregiver difficulty should be conducted to provide additional information or to draw more complex models to describe caregivers’ difficulties in parents of children with CP in Iran.

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of Okulix ray-tracing software in calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power in the long cataractous eyes and comparing the results with those obtained from Kane, Holladay 1 with optimized constant, SRK/T with optimized constant, Haigis with optimized constant, and Barret Universal 2 formulas. Methods: The present study evaluates the refractive results of cataract surgery in 85 eyes with axial length > 25 mm and no history of ocular surgery and corneal pathology. IOL power calculation was performed using the Okulix software. The performances of Okulix software in comparison with the five other formulas were evaluated by predicted error, mean absolute error, and mean numerical error 6 months after surgery. Results: The mean calculated IOL power by the Okulix software was +13.48 ± 4.19 diopter (D). The mean of the 6-month postoperative sphere and spherical equivalent were +0.18 ± 0.63 and -0.34 ± 0.78 D, respectively. Also, the 6-month spherical equivalent in 56.6% and 80% of eyes were within ±0.05 and ±1.00 D, respectively. The predicted error (P < 0.001) and the mean numerical error (P < 0.001) were different between the six studied methods; however, we were not able to find any significant differences in the mean absolute error among six studied methods (P: 0.211). Conclusion: The present study showed acceptable performance of the Okulix software in IOL power calculation in long eyes in comparison with the other five methods based on the postoperative refractive error, calculated mean absolute error, and mean numerical error.

Background: Informal caregivers who give regular care to their relative, needing help for a time, are at risk of many difficulties such as financial dependency, anger, wandering, social problems and communication problems. The purpose of our study is to translate and validate a Persian version of "burden scale for family caregivers-short (BSFC-s)" to measure the burden of informal caregivers. Methods: The BSFC-s was translated into Farsi by the world health organization (WHO) method. Content validity was evaluated by 15 experts in the field of occupational therapy and physical therapy using Lawshe's method. A total of 11 caregivers of stroke families' patients scored each item for face validity. Results:The results indicated that BSFC-s has good face validity. The impact factor was between 2.94 and 4.14. No item had a content validity index (CVI) below 0.79 and based on the Lawshe's method, the items' content validity ratio (CVR) was above 0.49. Conclusions: The BSFC-s was translated into Persian and its face as well as content validity was acceptable. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to evaluate its reliability and validity.