The significance of occupational health and safety is becoming better understood every day, and in this respect, countries institute various arrangements and conditions. Measures to be taken to prevent occupational accidents and disease are determined, and laws and regulations are made accordingly. Thousands of accidents happen every year in the construction sector, which is one of the most dangerous in terms of safety. These range from simple cuts and scratches to life changing injuries and death. It is also important to consider demolition work, which is one of the branches of the construction sector and a permanent part of our daily life, according to occupational health and safety. In this article, demolition work is discussed according to occupational health and safety statistics and occupational accidents in demolition are considered. The accidents studied and classified are taken from all 653 occupational accidents in demolition work registered in 1984-2012 in the workers' section of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). According to the analyzed records, each kind of hazard in demolition work is evaluated with regard to different work procedures and the results are shown.

ÖZETPerformansa dayalı tasarımın temel amacı yer hareketine maruz yapılarda yapısal talebin belirlenebilmesidir. Yapısal talebin doğru belirlenebilmesi, yer hareketi özelliklerinin ve bunlarla yapısal talep arasındaki ilişkinin doğru tanımlanabilmesini gerektirmektedir. Son yıllarda faylara yakın bölgelerde elde edilen kayıtların diğer kayıtlara göre önemli farklılıklar içerdiği görülmüştür. İleri doğrultu ve ötelenme etkileri bu yer hareketlerini farklılaştıran ve hasar potansiyellerini arttıran temel özelliklerdir.İleri doğrultu etkisi fayın kırılma yüzeyine dik yönde meydana gelir ve bu yer hareketlerinin hasar potansiyelleri artırır. Ancak her kayıtın faya dik ve paralel yönlerini belirleyebilmek, fiziki imkansızlıklar nedeniyle, mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle etkili yönlerin belirlenebilmesi önemlidir. Literatürde maksimum hız yönü önerilen etkili yönlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada göreli kat ötelenmesi spektrum şiddeti ve spektral hızın maksimum yönlerinin de etkili yönlerden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Maksimum hız yönünün etkinliği yer hareketinin atım periyodunun yapı periyodu oranına bağlı olduğu, bu oranın büyük olduğu durumlarda maksimum ivme yönü hasar potansiyelinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Yakın Fay, yer hareketleri, ileri doğrultu etkisi, yön etkisi DIRECTION EFFECT OF NEAR FAULT GROUND MOTIONS ABSTRACTThe main objective of Performance Based Design is determining the structural demands for earthquake loadings. For a good estimation of structural demands, the relation between ground motion parameters and structural demands must be known. Near fault ground motions are significantly different from far field ground motions. Depending on the fault mechanism, ground motions may contain distinct pulse in velocity and permanent displacement in displacement records. These are increase the near fault ground motions damage potential.Forward directivity occurs in faults normal direction and damage potential of this ground motions are high. But for all records, psychically, it is not possible to determine the fault-normal and fault-parallel directions. In literature, to overcome this complexity the maximum velocity direction has been proposed. In this study in addition to maximum velocity direction two new directions, maximum drift spectrum intensity and maximum spectral velocity, were determined which are very effective as fault-normal direction.The efficiency of maximum velocity direction depends on ratio of pulse period to structural period. In the case of high value of this ratio, the maximum acceleration ratio is more destructive.