The Midland Links motorway viaducts (MLMV) are a series of reinforced concrete structures comprising 21 km of elevated motorway around the outer circumference of Birmingham. Deterioration was identified early in their serviceable life due to chloride induced corrosion of the steel reinforcement. An electrochemical treatment utilising an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) was successfully trialled in 1987 with the first large-scale commercial application of the treatment on the network in 1991. Since then it has been the principal corrosion management strategy for the MLMV, with 740 structures currently protected by ICCP. The aim of this paper is to offer a brief historical review of the MLMV network, discuss the deterioration mechanisms and review the historical developments of ICCP together with its overall performance as a corrosion-management method. Recent developments in cathodic protection technology and secondary beneficial effects of the ICCP previously not recognised are also discussed on how they can potentially result in significant cost savings for maintenance agencies for this and other similarly protected structures.

Clean drinking water for the municipality of "Rey" with population of over one million remains a critical and serious problem. In particular, Rey's continued water demands has caused a substantially high drop in its local groundwater level. With running this study, we can appropriately predict the quality of groundwater in Rey. In this study, we have considered presence of nitrate contaminant as the most suitable index representing groundwater contamination or pollution. For example, such index is capable of high solubility in water; has a low absorption rate; and exhibits relatively sustained compound stability. Moreover, the PMWIN software code was employed to model quality of associated aquifers. In addition, we analyzed data from Rey drinking water wells, which were collected and processed during the period of 2005 to 2012. We further evaluated: values of longitudinal and latitudinal diffusions, and absorption coefficient. A drop in the groundwater levels was measured 1.5 to 5 m for the eastern part of Rey and 5 to 11 m for the central zone of the municipality. For the western part of Rey, a drop in ground water levels in excess of 22 m were noted. In this paper, the value of Nitrate was determined and compared with standard values presented by EPA. d