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Nowadays, it is common to use colored concrete or mortar in prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete construction elements. Within the scope of this study, colored mortars were obtained with the addition of brown, yellow, black, and red pigments into the white cement. Those mixtures are examined for their compressive strength, unit weight, water absorption, and freeze-thaw resistance. Subsequent to comparison of these properties, a cost optimization has been conducted in order to compare pigment costs. The outcomes showed that the pore structure in architectural mortar applications plays an important role in terms of durability. And cost optimization results show that light colored minerals can be used instead of white cements.

A review is made of the development of models used to examine the dynamic response of semi-rigid frames. The connection flexibility is modeled by linear elastic rotational springs. The reducing coefficients and the lateral rigidity values are determined by using a computer program. Response characteristics of frames are compared with reference to their modal attributes.

Abstract-The dynamic response of semi-rigid frames is studied by using a computer program. The connection flexibility is modeled by linear elastic rotational springs. Having the same geometry and cross-section; semi-rigid frames, with different spring coefficients, are examined. The reducing coefficients and lateral rigidity values, representing the real behavior of frames, are determined for each frame. To represent the real behavior, all deformations of a frame are accounted for a dynamic analysis. Response characteristics of five different multistory frames are compared with reference to their modal attributes. The study indicates that connection flexibility tends to increase vibration periods, especially in lower modes, while it causes vibration frequencies decrease.