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B uffalo is considered the main dairy animal in Pakistan. Almost 76% of total buffaloes are found in Punjab and the remaining 24% of the buffaloes are found in other provinces (Anonymous, 2019-20). The total number of buffaloes in Pakistan is 41.2 Million, while 73% of the national milk production Abstract | Buffaloes and other bovines suffer from a fatal disease, "Hemorrhagic septicemia" (HS), which is produced by a gram-negative bacterium "Pasteurella multocida." Existing literature has established bacteria's pathogenesis, but still, the literature about the role of bacteria and its immunogens on the demonstration of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry in Nili Ravi buffaloes under subtropics is lacking. This study was designed to fulfill this gap by analyzing the effects of exposure to the bacterial culture of Pasturella multocida (P. multocida) type B:2 and its immunogens, i.e., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane protein (OMP) on Nili Ravi buffaloes. Prepubertal Nili Ravi female buffaloes (N=18) of 10-12 months age in good health condition were divided into five treatment groups (n=3 each) and a control group (n=3). Treatment groups' animals were exposed to P. multocida bacterial culture and its immunogens, i.e., LPS (oral and intravenous) and OMP (oral and subcutaneous). Animals were analyzed for the development of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry. All treatment groups exhibited clinical signs (ranging from mild to acute) like increased temperature, variation in rumen motility, mucous membrane, salivation, edema, dullness, depression, nasal discharge, respiratory distress and recumbence or death. A significant change in complete blood count (CBC) including packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, red blood cells (RBCs) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) platelets count, mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cells (WBCs) count, monocytes count, lymphocytes count and granulocytes count. Serum biochemistry profiles (total protein, Albumin and creatinine) of treatment group animals were also changed significantly. Cumulatively it was revealed that P. multocida B: 2 and its Immunogens (LPS and OMP) affect the hematology and serum biochemistry profiles of Neeli-Ravi buffaloes. These findings prove that OMP and LPS from P. multocida B: 2 may be considered for vaccine development.

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Summary A total of 26 strains of I 'ibriojiuvialis was included in this study, which were isolated from patients with diarrhoea and other sources. The GM i enzyme linked immunosorbent assays performed with the culture filtrates of I', fluvialis yielded negative results, indicating that their receptor site is different from that of the known labile toxin. The cholera antitoxin failed to neutralize the skin permeability factor activities of all the I ./7HV;(2//5 culture filtrates and none of the concentrated culture filtrates gave any precipitin band, when tested against the cholera antitoxin in Ouchterlony's gel ditTusion test. These observations suggest that the toxin of I'.JIuvialis dilfers from the known cholera toxin in receptor site, mode of action and antigenicity.