No abstract

Bamboo grass (Lophatherum gracile B.) is one of weed plants which frequently used as a medicine because it provides active compounds, for instance steroids and tannins. This research was conducted to determine the anticancer activity of extracts and fractions of leaves bamboo grass in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells T47D, and to determine the class of the active compounds contained in extracts and fractions which have the lowest IC 50 value from phytochemical test and identification with UV-Vis instruments and FTIR. The extraction of active compound leaves of bamboo grass is done by maceration method using ethanol 80%, hydrolysis and partition with n-hexane and chloroform. Four of the extracts is phytochemical tested and anticancer activity tested towards breast cancer cells T47D with MTT method. The best results of the test activities are performed by the separation of classes of active compounds KLTP and are identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and FTIR. The value of IC 50 from 80% ethanol extraction is 321,389, from hydrolysis extraction is 481.984, from the fraction of chloroform is 177.852, and from n-hexane fraction is 300.681 µg / mL. The lowest IC50 which have the best cytotoxic is the fraction of chloroform and n-hexane. The results of phytochemical test fractions of chloroform and n-hexane fraction indicates the tannin and steroids. The identification result by using UV-Vis and FTIR shows that the fraction of chloroform and n-hexane fraction is containing tannin, which isproven by maximum wavelength at 331.6 nm and 331.6 nm allegations of -OH, CH, C=C. Moreover, the existence of steroid compounds in fraction chloroform and n-hexane is shown by the absorption at 279.1 nm and 278.0 nm of wavelength with allegations of -OH, CH, C=C, C-O.Keywords: bamboo grass leaves (Lophaterum gracile B.), breast cancer cells T47D, in vitro, MTT method. AbstrakRumput bambu termasuk gulma yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat, karena adanya kandungan senyawa aktif yang berperan di dalamnya, diantaranya adalah steroid dan tanin. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antikanker dari ekstrak dan fraksi daun rumput bambu dalam menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara T47D dan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak dan fraksi yang memiliki nilai IC50 terendah dari hasil uji fitokimia serta identifikasi dengan instrumen UV-Vis dan FTIR. Ekstraksi senyawa aktif daun rumput bambu dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 80 %, hidrolisis dan ekstraksi cair-cair dengan n-heksana dan kloroform. Keempat ekstrak diuji fitokimia dan diuji aktivitas antikanker terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D dengan metode MTT. Hasil terbaik dari uji aktivitas dilakukan pemisahan golongan senyawa aktif dengan KLTP dan diidentifikasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan FTIR. Nilai IC50 ekstrak dan fraksi daun rumput bambu yaitu ekstrak etanol 80 %, hasil hidrolisis, fraksi kloroform dan fraksi n-heksana berturut-turut 321,4; 482,0; 177,8 dan 300,7 μg/mL. Aktiv...

National Health Insurance program changed the pattern of health financing in Indonesia from fee to service system to capitation system. The capitation system is expected to reduce the risk of the community's own health costs and overcome inequalities of health services. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the implementation of capitation payment system in overcoming health services problems. Although the implementation of NHI in Indonesia helps to equalize health services, there are quite number of problems in implementing NHI with the capitation system, among others, not all of the population is covered as participants, inequality of health facilities, varied quality of health services, health human resources, and management of capitation funds, monitoring, non-optimal referral systems, and varied geographic conditions had potential for widening health inequalities between community groups. Public health services should not only focus on treating individuals who are sick, but can do more important things such as making efforts to prevent and improve health. The capitation payment system is the most effective system for solving health services problems even though its implementation still not optimal and there are several shortcomings that can be fixed.