Based on adults collected from Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, we present the first reports of Sisyridae from the state, expanding the known distributional range of five species of Climacia McLachlan and Sisyra Burmeister. Adults were collected throughout two basins, Rio Doce and São Mateus, and its tributaries in the north of the state with Pennsylvania light trap. Two species are reported for the first time from Southeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we describe the male of Climacia basalis Banks and compare it with the male of its junior synonym, C. desordenata Monserrat. In addition, traditional and interactive keys are proposed for the identification of all the species of Sisyridae reported from Brazil.

Sisyridae is a small family of aquatic insects, with 73 extant species described worldwide. In Brazil, 17 species of two genera, Climacia McLachlan, 1869 and Sisyra Burmeister, 1839, have been reported. In this paper, the family is recorded from the Caatinga biome (semiarid region), Northeastern Brazil, for the first time, including a record of the genus Sisyra from Ceará State. Additional distributional data are presented for both S. apicalis Banks, 1908 and S. panama Parfin & Gurney, 1956. Sisyra ariasi Penny, 1981 is here synonymized with S. panama, NEW SYNONYMY. Illustrations of the male genitalia of S. minuta Esben-Petersen, 1935, and bionomic notes for S. panama are provided.

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