90 Y radioembolization and peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177 Lu-DOTATATE are both effective treatments for patients with inoperable neuroendocrine metastatic tumors (NET). We report the case of a 72-year-old man with severe functional syndrome due to a metastatic NET. 68 Ga-DOTATOC positron-emission tomography (PET) revealed high somatostatin receptor expression in a gross liver metastasis, in one abdominal lymph node and in several s k e l e t a l l e s i o n s . T h e p a t i e n t u n d e r w e n t l i v e r radioembolization with 90 Y-resin microspheres followed by four cycles of PRRT with 177 Lu-DOTATATE. After 3 months, a complete remission of the functional syndrome was observed. 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET demonstrated a complete response for skeletal and lymph nodal lesions with a residual bulky mass in the liver. Therefore a further 90 Y radioembolization was performed as consolidation treatment for the hepatic lesion. Six months after these combined treatments, 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET demonstrated complete metabolic response in liver and stable extrahepatic lesions. No significant long-term adverse reactions were registered. To our knowledge, the sequential use of 90 Y radiembolization before and after PRRT in a liver-dominant advanced NET has not been reported in the literature and this case suggests that these combined treatments can be safe and effective.

Tumor thrombus is a rare complication of solid cancer. The authors report a case of a 76-year-old woman presenting a thick walled cystic mass in the lower lobe of the left lung. 18FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) was performed, showing tracer accumulation in the wall of the pulmonary lesion and in the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Moreover, PET/CT depicted a gross mass in the left adrenal gland and a hypermetabolic focus corresponding to the anatomic location of the left renal vein. Contrast-enhanced CT, subsequently performed, confirmed PET findings in the lung, lymph nodes, and adrenal glands, also demonstrating marginal enhancement and intraluminal filling defect in the left renal vein, which was interpreted as tumor thrombus due to the 18FDG uptake at PET scan. CT-guided biopsy of the mass was positive for poorly differentiated carcinoma. 18FDG PET can be useful to diagnose tumor thrombus in oncological patients.

The small bowel is the most common site of gastrointestinal metastasis from cutaneous melanoma. Malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis, especially if distant metastases appear. Although rare primary melanoma of the small bowel has been described, more frequently these lesions originate from unknown cutaneous melanoma. Here we report the case of a 58-year-old man with a diagnosis of melanoma of the ileum without evidence of primary cutaneous disease. After 15 years, during the clinical and radiological follow-up, a cutaneous melanoma in the left parietal side of the scalp, probably corresponding to the primary lesion with abdominal node metastasis, was diagnosed. After 6 months of chemotherapy with fotemustine, the patient showed a complete response. At present, he is still alive 18 years after the diagnosis of intestinal metastasis.

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