One of the important issues in the pharmaceutical development of a semisolid preparation for dermal use is the scientific and experimental justification for choosing the base-carrier of active substances. The aim of this study was to experimentally substantiate the choice of rational combination of excipients in the development of a semisolid dosage form with a probiotic component for use in dermatology. Materials and methods. Hydrophilic gelling agents were used as excipients in the study: Sepiplus 400, Aristoflex AVC, Carbopol 934, hydroxyethylcellulose HEC, sodium alginate. Physical and chemical, pharmaco-technological and microbiological methods were used to select the optimal basis. Colloidal stability was determined using a laboratory centrifuge at a speed of 6000 rpm for 5 min, an electronic thermometer and a water bath laboratory. Thermostability was determined in the thermostat at (40±2) °C for 24 hours. Investigation of the rheological properties of the samples was performed using a Rheolab QC (Anton Paar, Austria) rheoviscometer using a system of coaxial cylinders C-CC27/SS. The kinetics of water absorption of the samples were studied by dialysis through a semipermeable Cuprophan membrane, Type 150 pm at a temperature of (34±2) °C. The number of viable lactobacilli cells was determined by surface seeding on Petri dishes with dense MRS medium. Research results. The results of the study of the number of viable lactobacilli cells showed that the lowest number of viable cells was in sample based on HEC. Tests for thermostability and colloidal stability showed that for sample No. 5 based on sodium alginate, stratification was observed in the experiment, which indicates its instability. These samples were excluded. Samples on Sepiplus 400 and Aristoflex AVC on a set of rheological features have advantages both consumer and technological; and sample on t Aristoflex AVC has the best indicators of osmotic activity and the viability of cells in the dynamics for this study. Conclusions. As a result of physical and chemical (organoleptic, colloidal and thermostability), pharmaco-technological (osmotic and structural and mechanical properties) and microbiological studies (number of viable lactobacilli cells) studies it was found that further work should be carried out with a sample based on gelling agent Aristoflex AVC, which has the most optimal performance in this development for a semisolid dosage form with a probiotic component for use in dermatology
Вибір оптимальних пребіотичних компонентів для бактерій роду Lactobacillus з метою їх сумісного використання у складі м'якого комплексного дерматологічного лікувально-профілактичного засобу з пробіотиком. Методи. Сумісне культивування пробіотичного штаму у рідкому живильному середовищі МРС із певним активним інгредієнтом у обраних концентраціях. Протягом циклу культивування через певні проміжки часу відбирали зразки зростаючої культури для визначення концентрації бактерій методом прямого посіву і визначення кислотності. Результати. Протягом 48 год сумісного культивування лактобактерій із обраними компонентами спостерігається суттєве збільшення життєздатних клітин, як в контролі, так і при додаванні вітамінів у обраних концентраціях (експоненціальна фаза росту бактерій), з 48 год до 60 годзниження швидкості збільшення клітин як в контролі, так і в дослідах, кількість клітин залишається майже на постійному рівні (стаціонарна фаза росту бактерій), після 60 годзменшення кількості клітин (фаза відмирання). Протягом культивування відмічається закислення живильного середовища в результаті утворення з вуглеводів молочної кислоти та інших кінцевих метаболітів; тобто додання компонентів дещо підвищує біохімічний потенціал мікроорганізмів, про це свідчить нарощування біомаси та кислотного потенціалу. Незважаючи на відсутність суттєвої різниці між однією серією дослідів із різним вмістом вітамінів, найбільший приріст кількості життєздатних клітин спостерігалось при вирощуванні із вітаміном В5 (серед обраних концентрацій при додаванні 1 %) та провітаміном В5 (при концентрації 2,5 %). Висновки. Обрані пребіотичні компоненти оптимальні для використання разом із лактобактеріями у складі однієї лікарської форми, що розроблюється. Незважаючи на виражений синергізм дії для серій дослідів із вітаміном В5 та Д-пантенолом, всі інші компоненти є також перспективними через відсутність негативного впливу на лактобактерії та низку позитивних ефектів на шкіру людини Ключові слова: лактобактерії, пробіотики, пребіотики, мікробіом шкіри, дерматологічні захворювання, лікувально-профілактичний засіб
The purpose of the article is to study the essence of the right of peoples to self-determination on the example of some post-Soviet countries. The methodological basis of the study consists of methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, comparison), general scientific methods, formal-logical method of interpretation of law, etc. The components of the methodological base are objectivity and a combination of critical and rational, constructive approaches. Results: after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Socialist Republics became independent sovereign states, but formally rather than practically. The military conflicts in South Ossetia, Abkhazia and the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic, as well as Russia's ongoing war against Ukraine, have shown that there is still a need to reassess the role and importance of international political institutions and mechanisms for implementing international law. Discussion: the principles of territorial integrity of the state and the right of nations to self-determination are essentially related to the term «sovereignty», its interpretation and implementation in public policy. The different correlation of these principles in the state-building of modern countries leads to the intensification of geopolitical processes, often disintegration, which can lead to the development of various interethnic conflicts. The right to self-determination can be exercised in the form of autonomy within existing state borders, in the form of the creation of a sovereign state or in the form of the withdrawal of a certain people from the state (secession or irredentism). Following purely theoretical constructions, the «peoples» of South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic have exercised their inalienable right to self-determination, and the «peoples» of Georgia and Moldova have violated their inalienable rights. Russia's aggression against Ukraine has become a shining example of the abuse of irredentist sentiments in society to justify armed aggression. A comparative analysis of irredentist attitudes in the civil society of post-Soviet countries allows us to highlight the features of such trends, as well as their impact on foreign policy.
Human skin is a complex and multifunctional organ in which there are not only intercellular interactions, but also complex cooperation between cells and microorganisms on its surface and in its thickness. Skin health is a prerequisite for good health in general. Most topical remedies contain active ingredients that disrupt the skin microbiome. The microflora of the skin plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and the state of local immunity. Thus, the creation of dermatological agents for the normalization of the skin microflora is a topical issue in modern pharmacy. This paper considers the choice of solvents for active substances in a complex agent with a probiotic for the treatment of dermatological diseases. The peculiarity of dermatological diseases is that they become apparent in the early stages. It helps to decide on treatment immediately, but on the other hand, skin diseases provide people with severe psychological discomfort, especially if it is not possible to quickly suppress the symptoms.The causes of diseases of each integument, many. These can be both external factorsthe traumatic effects of the environment, and internalat the skin level there are problems of the immune and endocrine systems, gastrointestinal tract and others.
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