The economic and scientific interest in Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira) has increased in recent years, especially due to the commercialization of its fruits and the extraction of natural compounds with high pharmacological potential. This paper aims to determine and correlate the main physical and biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of mangaba tree, as well as identifying the most appropriate substrate for the seedling emergence test. The following physical and biometric traits were measured in 100 fruits and 100 seeds: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, thickness, fresh mass, pulp fresh mass, volume, number of seeds. To identify the best substrate, a completely randomized design with two treatments (substrates) and ten replications of 20 seeds was used. The evaluated substrates were: sand and commercial substrate (Plantmax HT®). The shoot height, root length, stem diameter, total dry mass, and the relation between shoot height and stem diameter were evaluated at 50 days after sowing. Mangaba fruits and seeds showed great variations in their biometric traits, in addition to significant and positive correlation predominant in most characteristics. High fruit pulp yield can be optimized with the selection of plants with fruits show greater fresh mass due to the high degree of association between this characteristic and pulp yield. The use of the commercial substrate resulted in higher shoot height, greater number of leaves, and higher shoot height/stem diameter ratio.

Carpotroche brasiliensis (RB) A. Gray (Achariaceae) is a native tree species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with great potential provide natural forest products in agroforestry systems. The oil of its seeds contains medicinal and cosmetic properties, and the fruits are appreciated by wild animals. In this study, we analyzed the biometry of fruits and seeds collected from naturally-grown trees in agroforestry systems on small farms in southern Bahia, Brazil. Fresh fruit mass (FFM), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD), number of seeds per fruit (NSF), total fresh seed mass per fruit (FSMF), total dry mass of seeds per fruit (DMSF), and mass of 1,000 seeds (MTS) were collected from 66 fruits of 18 trees on six rural properties. Seed length (SL) and seed diameter (SD) were also evaluated for 5335 seeds. From this sample universe, 697 seeds represented an adequate sample size to measure these dimensions with statistical precision. The fruits analyzed in this study had uniform values for most of the biometric variables among the sites. The average values of NSF, FFM, and MTS were approximately 88 seeds, 0.5 kg, and 1.3 kg, respectively. Seeds of C. brasiliensis obtained from freshly-harvested fruits had high water content, with an average of more than 45%. Strongly significant correlations between FFM and FD and between FMSF and DMSF indicate the possibility of developing simple procedures to estimate seed pro-duction for commercial purposes from field evaluations

The management of spatial arrangement in soybean culture (Glycine max L., Merrill) from seeding density and row spacing is an important tool that contributes to yield growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of spatial arrangement in the development and the production components of soybean in the Piauí Cerrado savanna. The experimental design was completely randomized, with subdivided plots and four replicates. The main plots consisted of different row spacing (17.5 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm and 76 cm) and subplots consisted of plant populations as follows: recommended (280,000 plant/ha); 50% below recommended; 50% and 100% higher than recommended. The subdivided plots had six lines of five metres in length. The highest growth component values (plant height, stem diameter and number of nodes) were observed in the larger spacing (50 cm and 76 cm) and lower populations (recommended and 50% below recommended). The highest component yield values (number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, number of pods per plant, weight of one thousand seeds and productivity) were observed in the larger spacing (50 cm and 76 cm) and in the recommended population for the cultivar.

As fontes de fertilizantes fosfatados apresentam diferenças no produto das reações químicas entre o fertilizante e o solo, sendo influenciadas pelas características químicas e texturais do solo. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar características morfofisiológicas da cultura da soja sob diferentes fontes de fósforo no sudoeste piauiense. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo que os tratamentos constaram de quatro fontes de fósforo (o superfosfato simples (SSP), o superfosfato triplo (SPT), fosfato natural reativo (FNR) e o fosfato natural reativo + enxofre (FNR+S)), mais uma testemunha com calcário Cincal, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi implantado no ano agrícola 2012/13 e as avaliações foram realizadas durante as safras 2013/14 e 2014/15. Foram avaliadas variáveis do estádio fenológico de florescimento pleno e de produção da soja. As características morfofisiológicas da cultura da soja foram influenciadas pelas fontes de fósforo, conforme constatado no estande de plantas, índice de área foliar, radiação fotossintética ativa e eficiência da radiação fotossintética ativa, fitomassa seca, produtividade e no peso de mil grãos.

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