Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most commonly encountered tremor disorders in movement disorders. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is one of the best in vivo ways of mapping white matter pathways in the human brain. The aim of our study was to investigate diffusion variables and cerebellum volume in ET and PD using parcellation methods. Methods: Our study included 20 ET, 20 PD and 20 healthy controls. Fraction Anisotropy (FA) and Mean Diffusivity (MD) values were obtained with DTI, while the volume of each lobe of the cerebellum was obtained with T1 images. One-way ANOVA was used for intergroup analysis and Scheffe test was used for post-hoc analysis. Results: Significant differences were found in the diffusion values of the pedunculus cerebellaris, fornix stria, superior longitudinal fasciculus, sagittal stratum, cerebral pedunculus, tapatum and thalamus of ET and PD. Lobule V, Lobule IX, Lobule X volumes of the cerebellum showed significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: Stria thermialis shows involvement of mesolimbic dopaminergic system in PD and it is thought that disruption of strial networks leads to changes in the activity of cerebellar networks and reveals the role of the cerebellum in tremor. It is obvious that cerebellar thalamocortical pathways are affected in Parkinson's disease. In Parkinson's disease, patients should be evaluated for visual processing, conceptualisation, postural instability and gait disturbance to clarify the diagnosis or to differentiate from essential tremor.

Migraine is a recurrent headache syndrome with a wide spectrum of symptoms. The diagnosis of migraine is mostly made retrospectively, taking into account the characteristics of the headache and other symptoms. It is not known enough how migraine headache starts and in which brain regions it occurs. It is known that changes in the excitability of brainstem nuclei affect endogenous pain mechanisms and unilateral involvement of trigeminovascular structures are effective mechanisms in migraine development. Understanding the role of the cerebellum in migraine disease is a fairly new topic in neuroscience. 19 Mıgraıne Patıents (MP) and 14 Healthy Controllers (HC) partıcıpated ın our study. For the volumetric analysis of the cerebellum, the ceres method of volbrain, which is an automatic brain volume calculation method, was used and the volumes of the cerebellum structures were obtained. SPSS 22.0 program was used for the analysis of the data and the level of significance was accepted as p

The mixing of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) with hydrochloric acid (HCI) can cause a release of chlorine gas. Chlorine gas inhalation is usually accompanied by pulmonary toxicity and hypoxemia. We describe a case whose neurological and EEG findingsfollowed the accidental inhalation of a mixture of sodium hypochloriteand hydrochloric acid sohtions. Clinical findings of our patient were indicative of encephalopathy. The EEG showed diffuse continuous polymorphicdelta activity and sharp waves. After clinical recovery the EEG revealed occipital theta rhythm with sharp waves in both occipitoparietal regions.A 15-year-old girl cleaned her toilet and bathroom with a mixture of NaOCl and HCI solutions. She noted rapid onset of a burning sensation in her throat accompanied by a nonproductive cough. Two hours later, she became apathetic, dropped an object and answered questions nervously; afterwards she slept. In the morning she was laconic and offered no spontaneous conversation. The patient was admitted to the emergency room at KaradenizTechnical University Hospital approximately 16 hoursafterinhalation.Thepatientwas alert, cooperative but disoriented in place and time. She remembered names of the president and prime minister of Turkey, but wasable tostoreand retrieveonlyoneoffourspe cificverbal items after 5 minutes. Cranial nerve, motor system and tendon reflex examinations were normal. Blood sugar, urea, serum electrolytes, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and chest radiography were normal. Arterial blood gas determination revealed a pH of 7.41, oxygen partial pressure70 mmHg, carbon dioxide partial pressure35 mmHg, and bicarbonate concentration 27 mEq/L.EEG revealed diffusecontinuous polymorphic3-4 Hzdeltaactivity and sharp waves (Fig. 1) that showed no change in reactivity with eye opening, light stimulation, repetitive movements of extremities and hypocapnia produced by hyperventilation. Computerized tomography was normal.On the thirdday, shewascooperativeandoriented, able tostoreand retrievethree offourspecificverbal itemsafter5 minutes. On the fourth day neurological examination was normal. EEG showedoccipital7-8Hztheta rhythmandsharp waves in both occipitoparietal regions (Fig. 2), which was blocked by eye opening.Clinical findings of our patient were suggestive of encephalopathy. Clinical recovery was related to improvement in EEG findings. The term encephalopathy implies diffuse disturbance in brain function. EEG can provide objective evidenceof theseverityoftheseprocesses.Thegravityofthe clinical situation often correlates closely with EEG changes, particularly in acuteencephalopathies (Vas, Cracco. In: Daly, Pedley; 1990).