The principle aim of this investigation is the study of fluctuations of oil prices impacts on economic growth of oil-dependent countries with respect to institutional quality. For this purpose we use panel cointegration methodology and error-correction model for 32 oil abundant countries covering the period 1975-2010. The result implies that fluctuations of oil prices impact on economic growth of countries depend on institutional quality index so that the impact of fluctuation is avoided by countries with sufficiently good institutions. More ever, the long-run ratio of investment to products effect is negative and small that shows the quality of investment projects is more importance than the quantity of them in the economic growth of these countries. The effect of trade openness on economic growth in the long-run is positive, statistically significant, and economically sizable.

Learner autonomy has been a controversial issue among teachers in general and teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in particular. However, it seems that private institutes and state high school EFL teachers' beliefs about feasibility and desirability of learner autonomy (LA) have not been compared. This study aimed at investigating the feasibility and desirability of learner autonomy from English language teachers' perspectives. In doing so, the learner autonomy instrument consisting of feasibility and desirability sections was administered to 120 EFL teachers (sixty high school teachers and sixty language institute teachers). The participants were selected through convenience sampling. The data of the study were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and Wilcoxon test). The results showed that both private institutes and state high schools EFL teachers have positive perceptions about learner autonomy. However, they do not have the same beliefs about feasibility and desirability of learner autonomy.

No abstract

No abstract