Background Rates of routine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of adolescent males in the U.S. are low. Leading health organizations advocate consistent and strong physician recommendations to improve HPV vaccine dissemination. This study describes the prevalence and correlates of consistent and strong physician recommendations for HPV vaccination of adolescent males. Methods We surveyed pediatric and family medicine physicians in Florida about their HPV vaccine recommendations for male vaccine-eligible age groups (11–12, 13–17, 18–21 years). Descriptive statistics compared consistency and strength of HPV recommendations across age groups. Multivariable logistic regression examined factors associated with of consistent and strong recommendations for 11–12 year olds. Results We received 367 completed surveys (51% response rate). Physicians most often consistently and strongly recommended HPV vaccine to males 13–17 (39%) compared to ages 11–12 (31%) and 18–21 (31%). Consistent and strong recommendation for 11–12 year old males was more likely to be delivered by Vaccine for Children providers and less likely among physicians who reported more personal barriers to vaccination, particularly concerns about vaccine safety, concerns about adding vaccines to the vaccine schedule, and difficulty remembering to discuss HPV vaccination. Conclusion Physicians’ current consistency and strength of HPV vaccine recommendations do not align with national recommendations. Interventions to improve HPV vaccine recommendations must also consider the influence of physicians’ personal barriers to HPV vaccine delivery. Impact As one of the first studies to examine both consistency and strength of physicians’ HPV vaccine recommendations for males, our findings can inform future interventions focused on facilitating physicians’ recommendations.

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