Background: Within the United Kingdom's National Health System (NHS), patients suffering from obesity may be provided with bariatric surgery. After receiving surgery many of these patients require further support to continue to lose more weight or to maintain a healthy weight. Remotely monitoring such patients' physical activity and other healthrelated variables could provide healthworkers with a more 'ecologically valid' picture of these patients' behaviours to then provide more personalised support. The current study assesses the feasibility of two smartphone apps to do so. In addition, the study looks at the barriers and facilitators patients experience to using these apps effectively. Methods: Participants with a BMI > 35 kg/m 2 being considered for and who had previously undergone bariatric surgery were recruited. Participants were asked to install two mobile phone apps. The 'Moves' app automatically tracked participants' physical activity and the 'WLCompanion' app prompted participants to set goals and input other healthrelated information. Then, to learn about participants' facilitators and barriers to using the apps, some participants were asked to complete a survey informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework. The data were analysed using regressions and descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 494 participants originally enrolled, 274 participants data were included in the analyses about their activity pre-and/or post-bariatric surgery (ages 18-65, M = 44.02, SD ± 11.29). Further analyses were performed on those 36 participants whose activity was tracked both pre-and post-surgery. Participants' activity levels pre-and post-surgery did not differ. In addition, 54 participants' survey responses suggested that the main facilitator to their continued use of the Moves app was its automatic nature, and the main barrier was its battery drain. Conclusions: The current study tracked physical activity in patients considered for and who had previously undergone bariatric surgery. The results should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of participants whose data meet the inclusion criteria and the barriers participants encountered to using the apps. Future studies should take note of the barriers to develop more user-friendly apps. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT01365416 on the 3rd of June 2011.

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The conventional voting scheme employs paper-based ballot to verify votes. This voting scheme is insecure due to the attributed shortcomings including ballot stuffing, ballot snatching and voter's impersonation. In this paper, we present the design and development of secure e-voting to ensure a free, fair and credible election where the preference of electorate counts. This proposed system solves the authentication, integrity and confidentiality security issues of e-voting in kiosk and poll site evoting scenarios using unimodal fingerprint biometrics and Advanced Encryption Standard based Wavelet based Crypto-watermarking Approach. The developed system solves: The possibility of blundering voter's authentication, integrity and confidentiality of vote stored in the server. The results after qualitative evaluation of the system with antiwatermarking detectors revealed that the developed secure e-voting system could serve as a platform for the delivery of credible e-election in developing countries with significant digital divides.