The study aimed to investigate the impact of behavioral biases on herding for Islamic financial products with the mediation of shariah literacy. An adopted questionnaire from several published studies was used to collect data. The data were collected from 410 respondents and were analyzed with SmartPLS. The results for the direct impact showed that self-attribution, illusion of control, and information availability have a positive and significant impact on herding for Islamic financial products while shariah literacy showed an insignificant impact on herding. The results for mediation showed that previously significant and positive impact turned to insignificant when shariah literacy was introduced as mediating variable between the illusion of control, self-attribution, information availability, and herding. From a theoretical perspective, this study would contribute to the existing body of knowledge of financial decision making from shariah literacy point-out. On the other hand, the findings of this study may be useful for investors to avoid herding in the Islamic financial markets. The authors synthesize the contribution made by behavioral finance studies in extending the knowledge of herding behavior in Islamic financial products with a mediating role of shariah literacy. The key limitation of the study includes data that were collected from three districts of Punjab, Pakistan.

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The Hirota bilinear method is prepared for searching the diverse soliton solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (KP-BBM) equation. Also, the Hirota bilinear method is used to find the lump and interaction with two stripe soliton solutions. Interaction among lumps, periodic waves, and one-kink soliton solutions are investigated. Also, the solitary wave, periodic wave, and cross-kink wave solutions are examined for the KP-BBM equation. The graphs for various parameters are plotted to contain a 3D plot, contour plot, density plot, and 2D plot. We construct the exact lump and interaction among other types of solutions, by solving the underdetermined nonlinear system of algebraic equations with the associated parameters. Finally, analysis and graphical simulation are presented to show the dynamical characteristics of our solutions, and the interaction behaviors are revealed. The existing conditions are employed to discuss the available got solutions.

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