Triticale has shown different behavior to aluminum toxicity (A1 3+) when applied nutrient solution. This study had the objective of evaluating 19 triticale lines inserted at International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), IAC-5 cultivar and two control cultivars of wheat in the presence of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mg L -1 of Al 3+. Afterwards, four genotypes being two tolerant and two sensitive were chosen to obtain the F 1 's, F 2 's, RC 1 's and RC 2 's generations, in all possible crossing. The seedlings were submitted to 6 mg L -1 of Al 3+ and analyzed later on (tolerant and sensitive) by the chi-square method. The root growth was also obtained to estimate the genetic parameters involved in the character control. The trials were carried out in laboratories, in nutritive solution. The genotypes were tolerant to 15 mg L -1 of Al 3+, exception the line 14 (P 3 ), sensitive to 3 mg L -1 of Al 3+ and the line 13, 17 and the cultivar IAC-5 (P 4 ), sensitive to 6 mg L . It was concluded that the inheritance to tolerance to aluminum toxicity is dominant and governed by a pair of alleles. The genetic parameters involved in the root growth control in solution containing 6 mg L -1 of Al 3+ also revealed simple inheritance, suggesting a selection in the first segregating generations.Key words: X triticosecale Wittmack, genotypes, genetic inheritance and genetic parameters.Variabilidade genética e herança da tolerância ao alumínio em solução nutritiva em triticale . Posteriormente, foram escolhidos quatro genótipos, dois tolerantes e dois sensíveis, para obtenção das gerações F 1 's, F 2 's, RC 1 's e RC 2 's. As plântulas foram submetidas a 6 mg L -1 de Al 3+ e posteriormente analisadas (tolerantes e sensíveis) pelo teste de qui-quadrado. O comprimento da raiz também foi obtido, para estimarem-se os parâmetros genéticos envolvidos no controle do caráter. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, empregando-se solução nutritiva. Os genótipos avaliados, com exceção do 14 (P 3 ), sensível a 3 mg L -1 de Al 3+, do 13, do 17 e da cultivar IAC-5 (P 4 ), sensíveis a 6 mg, da linhagem 15, com sensibilidade a 12 mg, e das linhagens 16 e 18, sensíveis a 15 mg, foram tolerantes a 15 mg L -1 de Al 3+. O estudo da herança da tolerância à toxicidade apontou que o P 1 e P 2 , tolerantes ao alumínio, diferiram do P 3 e P 4 , sensíveis, por um par de alelos dominantes. Os parâmetros genéticos envolvidos no controle do comprimento da raiz em solução contendo 6 mg L -1 de Al 3+ também revelaram herança simples, sugerindo seleção nas primeiras gerações segregantes.Palavras-chave: X triticosecale Wittmack, genótipos, herança genética e parâmetros genéticos.
This article investigates the interference fit requirements for customized dual-fit fasteners in a linear guide rail mounting application. The shaft support mount used in this study is designed to support linear guide rails and is fixed to a surface using customized dual-fit fasteners. The interference fit between the two parts of fasteners is calculated to determine the necessary friction to hold both parts attached. This study aims to optimize the frictional force in the shaft support mount attachment and investigates the effects of the fastener diameter, material, and surface roughness on the interference fit. The results of this study show that the interference fit between the two parts of the fasteners significantly affects the frictional force required to hold the shaft support mount attached to the surface. The findings of this research can be used to improve the design of linear guide rail mounting systems and provide guidance for engineers and designers when selecting customized dual-fit fasteners for similar applications.
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