Desmin and EMA appear to be the most useful markers in distinguishing benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations. Desmin appears to be preferentially expressed in reactive mesothelium and EMA appears to be preferentially expressed in neoplastic mesothelium. The complementary use of both markers is advocated in ascertaining the nature of mesothelial proliferations. Immunohistochemical detection of mutated p53 oncoprotein appeared to be of less utility in this study on account of the low marker sensitivity for malignant mesothelioma. However, p53 antibody may be of use as a second-line marker of neoplastic mesothelium within a standard immunohistochemical panel of antibodies. In this study, Bcl-2, P-glycoprotein and PDGF-R beta-chain appear to be of no use in distinguishing reactive from neoplastic mesothelium, although more formal evaluation of these markers is required.

Traumatic microbleeds are a common neuroimaging finding in traumatic brain injury, yet their clinical significance remains unclear. Griffin et al. report that traumatic microbleeds predict disability, and use MRI-guided histopathology to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology. They conclude that traumatic microbleeds may be a form of traumatic vascular injury.

This multicenter study of ESC versus open craniosynostosis repair represents the largest comparison to date. It demonstrates striking advantages of ESC for young infants that may result in improved clinical outcomes, as well as increased safety.

T here is mounting evidence that exposure to intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is associated with gadolinium retention in subcortical regions of the brain. However, there has been much less attention to gadolinium retention in the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex has critical functions, including higher cognition, sensorimotor coordination, affect and behavior regulation, executive function, and consciousness (1). Moreover, cerebral cortical function is sensitive to disruption by diverse neurotoxicants, including lanthanide series elements and other heavy metals (lead, mercury, manganese) (2,3).GBCAs are widely used in conjunction with MRI and have highly favorable safety profiles (4,5). Recent MRI studies have focused attention on gadolinium retention in subcortical gray matter nuclei in adult and pediatric patients with repeated intravenous GBCA exposure and