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Transmission lines are one of the most widely distributed engineering systems meant for transmitting bulk amount of power from one corner of a country to the farthest most in the other directions. The expansion of the lines over different terrains and geographic locations makes these most vulnerable to different kinds of atmospheric calamities which more often develops faults in line. It is imperative to remove the faulty line at the earliest to restrict undue outflow of bulk power through the faulted point as well as restore system stability earliest to resume normal power flow operation. Here lays the importance of having a robust fault identification, classification and localization algorithm which would be successfully able to drive as well as actuate the digital relaying system. Researchers have worked out several methodologies in developing improved power system protection algorithms which would be able to serve to eliminate faults immediately on occurrence of the same. A brief yet exhaustive review has been presented in this article including the several methodologies adopted by numerous researchers for developing effective fault diagnosis schemes, mentioning about the highlights as well as the shortcoming of each of the methods. This compact and effective survey of literature works would help researchers to take up appropriate techniques for different purposes of transmission line fault analysis.

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